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Fed May Go Bankrupt.

No Exit

 
2010.11.09
By James G. Rickards

¹ø¿ª: Å丶½º ¹Ú

Disasters sometimes sneak up in small steps, each of which appears unthreatening at the time but which cumulatively spell collapse.  The Fed is leading the United States to ruin in ways that are claimed to be well intentioned and benign viewed in isolation but which take us finally into a locked room reminiscent of the Sartre play ¡°No Exit.¡± 

Àç¾ÓÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀº °¡²û ÀÛÀº ½ºÅÜÀ¸·Î ¾ö½ÀÇØ ¿Â´Ù. ´Ù°¡¿Ã ¶§´Â ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ À§ÇùÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Àç¾ÓÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¸¦ °¡°ÝÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬ÁØÀ§ (FRB)´Â ±×ó·³ ¹Ì±¹À» ÆÄ¸ê·Î ÀεµÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¹æ½ÄµéÀ» Á¦°¢±â ºÐ¸®Çؼ­ ÃÄ´Ùº¸¸é ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±¹ÀÍÀ» À§Çϰí Å« À§ÇèÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍµéÀÎ¾ç º¸ÀÌÁö¸¸ °á±¹¿¡ °¡¼­´Â ±×°ÍµéÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ÇÕÃÄÁ® ¿ì¸®¸¦ Ãⱸ°¡ ¾ø´Â °ø°£À¸·Î ¸ô¾Æ°¡°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¶Ä¡ »ç¸£Æ®¸£ÀÇ ¿¬±Ø, ¡°NO EXIT¡±Ã³·³. 

The Fed has finally embarked on QE2, the best publicized journey since the flight of Balloon Boy to which quantitative easing might well be compared.  Of course, quantitative easing, or QE, is just a euphemism for what is really going on.  We¡¯ll skip the Orwellian Newspeak of QE and stick to the Oldspeak – printing money. 

µåµð¾î FRB´Â 2Â÷ ¾çÀû¿ÏÈ­Á¤Ã¥(QE2)¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇß´Ù. QE2´Â dz¼±À» Ÿ°í ³¯¾Æ°¡ ¹ö¸° ¹ú·éº¸ÀÌ (Balloon Boy)°¡ ¸Å½ºÄÄÀ» ÈÛ¾µ¾ú´ø »ç°Ç ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î °¡Àå Å« ´º½º°Å¸®°¡ µÇ¾î ¿Ô¾ú´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¾çÀûÅëÈ­¿ÏÈ­, Áï QE¶ó´Â ¸»Àº ±×Àú ÇöÀç ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â »çÅÂÀÇ ¿Ï°î¾îÀÏ »Ó. Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£ÀÇ ½Å¾ð¾î (Newspeak)´Â Á¦ÃÄµÎ°í ±¸¾ð¾î (Oldspeak)·Î ¸»ÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¡°È­ÆóÀμ⡱·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 

How does the Fed print money? It¡¯s easy; they simply buy bonds from the market and credit the seller¡¯s bank account with electronic cash that comes out of thin air.  When they want to reduce the money supply, they do the opposite; that is, they sell bonds and the buyer¡¯s bank account is reduced by the sale price and that money disappears.  So, printing money is just a massive program of bond purchases.  The Fed intends to concentrate the current bond buying program in the intermediate sector of 5 to 10-year maturities. 

±×·¯¸é ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µ·À» Âï¾î³»´Â °ÇÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ. ±×°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ½¬¿îÀÏÀÌ´Ù. °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ±×µéÀº ÀºÇàµéÀÌ °¡Áö°í Àִ ä±ÇÀ» ¸ÅÀÔÇϰí ä±ÇÀ» ÆÇ ÀºÇàµéÀÇ ±¸Á¸¦ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ »óÀ¸·Î Å©·¹µ÷ÇØ ÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ½ÃÁß¿¡ µµ´Â µ·À» ÁÙÀÌ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ±×¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀºÇàµé¿¡°Ô ä±ÇÀ» ÆÈ¾Æ Çö±ÝÀ» ¹Þ°ÔµÇ¸é ÀºÇàµé ±¸Á¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Çö±ÝÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù. ±×·³À¸·Î½á µ·À» Âï¾î³»´Â °ÍÀº ´ÜÁö ä±ÇÀ» ¸ÅÀÔÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. À̹ø QE2¿¡¼­´Â ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ Áß°£±â°£±ÞÀÎ 5-10³â ¸¸±â ä±Ç¿¡ ÁýÁßÇÒ·Á´Â Àǵµ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. 

As a result, the Fed is coming to resemble a highly leveraged hedge fund with an inverted pyramid of risky, volatile and junk debt balanced on a slim layer of capital.  Recall the Fed owns the Maiden Lane portfolio of junk from Bear Stearns and $1.4 trillion of mortgages whose value is in serious doubt because of strategic defaults, lost notes and halted foreclosures.  Treasury notes may be of good credit quality if you don¡¯t mind getting paid back in debased dollars but even Treasury notes have market risk.  If interest rates go up, the value of Treasury notes goes down; it¡¯s that simple.  The Fed is taking both credit risk and market risk on its balance sheet in unprecedented amounts.

±× °á°ú, ¿¬ÁØÀ§ÀÇ À繫±¸Á¶´Â ·¹¹ö¸®Áö ºñÀ²ÀÌ ±²ÀåÈ÷ ³ôÀº ÇìÁöÆÝµåÀÇ À繫±¸Á¶¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¸ð¾çÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº °Å²Ù·Î µÚÁý¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â ÇǶó¹Ìµå ¸ð¾çó·³ ÀÚº»À²ÀÌ ³·Àº »óÅ¿¡¼­ À§Çèµµ¿Í Èֹ߼ºÀÌ ³ôÀº 乫±¸Á¶ÀÇ ÀÚ»êÇüÅÂÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â º£¾î½ºÅϽº Áõ±Ç»ç°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ø ¸ÅÀÌµç ·¡ÀÎ Á¤Å© ¸ô±âÁö ä±Ç ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À¸¦ 1.4 Æ®¸±¸®¾ð ´Þ·¯¾îÄ¡¸¦ ¼ÒÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À¿¡´Â °¡Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ´ÙºÐÈ÷ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ¼ºÇàÇÏ´Â Àü·«Àû 乫ºÒÀÌÇà, ºÐ½ÇµÈ °è¾à¼­, ±×¸®°í ÁßÁöµÈ Â÷¾Ðµé°ú °°Àº ½Å¿ëÀ§ÇèµîÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±¹Ã¤ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â 乫ºÒÀÌÇà (½Å¿ëÀ§Çè)ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ¾øÀ¸³ª ½ÃÀåÀ§ÇèÀº ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ±Ý¸®°¡ ¿À¸£¸é ±¹Ã¤ÀÇ °¡Ä¡´Â ¶³¾îÁø´Ù. ±×ó·³ °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¿¬ÁØÀ§ÀÇ ÀçÁ¤±¸Á¶¿¡´Â ÀÌ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ½É°¢ÇÑ ¼öÁØÀÇ ½Å¿ëÀ§±â¿Í ½ÃÀåÀ§±â°¡ ÀáÀçÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. 

Right now the Fed¡¯s balance sheet shows about $57 billion in total capital.  Current assets are about $2.3 trillion.  The current money-printing plan will take total assets above $3 trillion.  At that level, it only takes a 2% decline in asset values to wipe out the Fed¡¯s capital.  Put differently, it only takes a 2% drop in the average value of assets on the Fed¡¯s balance sheet for the Fed to go bankrupt.  And this is in an environment where various markets frequently go up and down 3% in a single day. 

ÇöÀç ¿¬ÁØÀ§ÀÇ ´ëÂ÷´ëÁ¶Ç¥ (Balance Sheet)¿¡´Â 57ºô¸®¾ð´Þ·¯ÀÇ ÀÚº»ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ÇöÀÚ»êÀº 2.3Æ®¸±¸®¾ð ´Þ·¯´Ù. ÇöÀçÀÇ È­ÆóÀμ⠰èȹÀº ÃÑÀÚ»êÀ» 3Æ®¸±¸®¾ð´Þ·¯ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¿Ã·Á³õ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ¼öÁØ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇϸé Àڻ갡ġ°¡ 2%¸¸ ¶³¾îÁ®µµ ¿¬ÁØÀ§ÀÇ ÀÚº»À» ¾µ¾î¼­ ³¯·Á ¹ö¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î ¸»ÇÏ¸é ºÒ°ú 2%ÀÇ Æò±Õ °¡Ä¡ Ç϶ô¸¸ À־ ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ÆÄ»êÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù´Â °Í°ú °°´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¿äÁòÀÇ ½ÃÀåÀº ÇÏ·ç¿¡µµ 3%ÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¿À¸£¶ô ³»¸®¶ôÇÏ´Â ºÐÀ§±â´Ù. 

How risky is the Fed¡¯s program of bond purchases? Very. For those who are not bond traders, here are a few quick pointers.   

¿¬ÁØÀ§ÀÇ Ã¤±Ç¸ÅÀÔ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ·Î À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀΰ¡? ¸Å¿ì À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù. ä±Ç Æ®·¹ÀÌ´õ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇØ ¸î°¡Áö¸¸ ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ³Ñ¾î°¡ÀÚ. 

First off, intermediate term securities are more volatile than short-term securities.  The Fed traditionally purchases Treasury bills of one-year or less in maturity.  Those bills are not volatile at all and don¡¯t move much in price when interest rates change.  So, mark-to-market losses are never that great.  But 10-year notes are highly volatile and losses can be huge in response to even modest increases in interest rates.   

ù¹øÂ° Æ÷ÀÎÆ®´Â, Áß°£¸¸±â ä±ÇµéÀº ´Ü±âä±Çµéº¸´Ù µî¶ôÆøÀÌ Å©´Ù. ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â 1³âÀÌÇÏ ¸¸±âÀÇ ´Ü±â±¹Ã¤¸¦ ¸ÅÀÔÇÑ´Ù. ´Ü±â±¹Ã¤µéÀº ±Ý¸®º¯µ¿½Ã¿¡µµ °¡°Ýº¯µ¿À» °ÅÀÇ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Çö½Ã¼¼¿¡ ¸ÂÃç Àڻ갡ġ¸¦ Á¶Á¤Çϴ ȸ°è ¹æ½Ä (Mark-to-Market)¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ ±×¸® Å©Áö ¾Ê´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 10³â¸¸±â ³ëÆ®µéÀº ±Ý¸®ÀÇ ÀÛÀº º¯È­¿¡µµ °¡°ÝÀÇ µî¶ôÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ¿¹¹ÎÇϰí Ä¿Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 

Secondly, with the Fed composing such a large part of the Treasury market, liquidity will decrease as fewer participants buy and sell each day due to the Fed¡¯s dominant role.  This means bid/offer spreads will widen making it very costly for the Fed to unload their position if they want to.  If the Fed is selling, who on earth wants to buy?  

µÎ¹øÂ° Æ÷ÀÎÆ®´Â, ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ½Å¿ë½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ±×·¸°Ô Å« ºñÁßÀ» Â÷ÁöÇØ ¹ö¸²À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¸Å¸Å¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â ±â°üµéÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ÁÙ¾î À¯µ¿¼ºµµ ÁÙ¾îµé°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº bid/ask °£°ÝÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁ® ³ªÁß¿¡ ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ä±ÇÀ» ¸Å°¢ÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ¶§ ÆÄ´Â °¡°ÝÀ» Á¦´ë·Î ¹Þ±â ¾î·Á¿î »óȲÀÌ »ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù. (Âü°í: Bid´Â »ç°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ÀÆÛÇÏ´Â °¡°Ý  Ask´Â ÆÈ·Á´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹Þ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °¡°Ý). ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ÆÈ·Á°í Çϴµ¥ ´©°¡ »ç°Ú´Ù°í ´ýºñ°Ú´Â°¡? 

Finally, there is a concept called ¡°DVO1¡± which is market jargon for the ¡°dollar value of 1 basis point¡±.  This is a measure of how much a bond goes down in price in response to a 1 basis point increase in interest rates.  It happens that DVO1 is greater as interest rates are lower.  In other words, the decline in price of a bond in response to a 1 basis point increase in rates is greater when rates are at 1% than if they are at 5%.  This element of volatility is independent of the fact that longer maturities are more volatile, so having longer maturities and a low-rate environment is like soaking C4 plastic explosives in nitroglycerine.  

¼¼¹øÂ° Æ÷ÀÎÆ®·Î, ä±Ç½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ ¾²ÀÌ´Â Àü¹®¿ë¾î·Î ¡°DVO1¡±À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¡°0.01%ÀÇ ±Ý¸®º¯È­·Î »ý±â´Â °¡°Ý º¯È­¡±¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù ±×°ÍÀº ±Ý¸®°¡ 0.01% ¿À¸¦¶§ ä±Ç°¡°ÝÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¶³¾îÁö´Â°¡¸¦ °¡´ÆÇÏ´Â ¼öÄ¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±Ý¸®°¡ ¿ö³« ³·À» ¶§´Â DVO1 ÀÌ Ä¿Áø´Ù. ±Ý¸®°¡ 1%À϶§¿Í 5%À϶§¸¦ ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ 0.01%ÀÇ º¯È­·Î »ý±â´Â ä±Ç °¡°ÝÀÇ º¯È­´Â ±Ý¸®°¡ ³·À» ¶§ (Áï 1%À϶§)°¡ ³ôÀ» ¶§ÀÎ (5%À϶§) º¸´Ù ´õ Å©´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. DVO1 È¿°ú´Â ä±ÇÀÇ ¸¸±â¿Í´Â º°°³ÀÇ ¼öÄ¡À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¸¸±â°¡ ±æ°í DVO1 ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Å« ÇöÀçÀÇ Àú±Ý¸®»óȲÀº C4 ÆøÅºÈ­ÇÐÀ縦 ³ªÀÌÆ®·Î±Û¸®¼¼¸°¿¡ ´ã°¡³õ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ȯ°æÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼öÀÖ´Ù. 

When critics raise the issue of mark-to market losses, the Fed has a simple answer, which is that they will hold to maturity.  The Fed does not have to mark to market; they can simply hold the assets to maturity and collect the full proceeds from the Treasury or other issuers.  Just ignore for the moment the fact that some of the junkier assets and mortgages will not pay off, ever.  That¡¯s years away; for now, let¡¯s just give the Fed the benefit of the doubt and say that mark-to-market losses don¡¯t matter because they don¡¯t have to sell. 

ºñÆò°¡µéÀÌ mark-to-market ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ÁöÀûÇÑ´ÙÄ¡¸é ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ä±ÇµéÀ» ÆÈÁö ¾Ê°í  ¸¸±â°¡ µÉ ¶§±îÁö Áã°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¿ø±ÝÀ» ÀüºÎ »óȯ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀåºÎ»óÀÇ ¼Õ½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¹«½ÃÇØµµ µÈ´Ù°í ´äº¯ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎ½ÇÀÚ»êÀ̳ª ºÎ½Ç ¸ô±âÁöµéµµ ÆÈÁö¾Ê°í Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î Áã°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿À·£±â°£À» ½Ã¼¼ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» º¸´Â ÀÏÀº ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (¹ø¿ªÀÎ ÂüÁ¶: µû¶ó¼­ ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ÀåºÎ»óÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» ¿À·£±â°£µ¿¾È ¼û±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£ÀûÀÎ ¿©À¯¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.) 

Critics also raise the issue that this much money printing will result in inflation at best and maybe hyperinflation if velocity takes off due to behavioral shifts.  The Fed is also very reassuring on this point.  They say not to worry because at the first signs of sustained and rising inflation they will reverse course and reduce the money supply by selling bonds and nip inflation in the bud.  But also note that the world in which the Fed wants to sell the bonds is also a world of rising inflation and therefore rising interest rates.  This is the world of huge mark to market losses on the bonds themselves. 

ºñÆò°¡µéÀº ¶Ç µ·À» ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹ÀÌ Âï¾î´ë´Â »óȲÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ´Â °¡¿îµ¥ ¸¸¾à¿¡ ÅõÀÚ°¡µéÀÇ ½É¸®¿Í Çൿ¾ç½ÄÀÇ º¯È­·Î È­Æó À¯Åë¼Óµµ (velocity)°¡ °©ÀÚ±â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â Çö»óÀÌ Ã˹ߵDZ⠽ÃÀÛÇϸé ÇÏÀÌÆÛÀÎÇ÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç ¶Ç´Â ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿ì·ÁÇÑ´Ù. ±×Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ÇÒ¸»ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÎÇ÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç Á¶ÁüÀÌ º¸À̱⠽ÃÀÛÇϸé Áï½Ã·Î ä±ÇÀ» µÇÆÈ¾Æ ´Þ·¯¸¦ ¼ö°ÅÇØ µéÀÏ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ °ÆÁ¤ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À¯ÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ä±ÇÀ» µÇÆÈ·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǿ¡ Á¶ÁüÀÌ °¨ÁöµÇ´Â ¹Ù ±Ý¸®»ó½ÂÀÌ ¿¹»óµÉ ¶§°¡ µÉÅÙµ¥ ±×·± »óȲ¿¡¼­ ´©°¡ ¿¬ÁØÀ§°¡ ´ýÇÎÇÒ·Á´Â ä±ÇÀ» ¸ÅÀÔÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ³ª¼³Áö°¡ Àǹ®ÀÌ´Ù. 

The Fed is saying don¡¯t worry about mark to market losses because we will hold the bonds.  The Fed is saying don¡¯t worry about inflation because we will sell the bonds.  Both of those statements cannot be true at the same time.  You can hold bonds and you can sell bonds but you can¡¯t do both at once.  You will want to sell when rates are going up but that¡¯s when losses will be the greatest.   So the time when you most want to sell is the time when you will most want to hold. The Fed may say they can finesse this by selling shorter maturities only to reduce money supply and holding onto longer maturities.  But that just further degrades the quality of the Fed¡¯s balance sheet and turns it into a one-way roach motel for highly volatile and junk assets. 

¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ä±ÇÀ» ¸¸±â°¡ µÉ¶§±îÁö Áã°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ market-to-market ¼Õ½Ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿°·Á¸¦ ²ô¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ »ý±æ °Í °°À¸¸é ä±ÇÀ» ÆÈ °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÆÁ¤µµ ÇÏÁö ¸»¶õ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ŸÀÌ¹Ö »óÀ¸·Î ±× µÎ°³ÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿ÇÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ä±ÇÀ» Áã°í ÀÖÀ»¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ä±ÇÀ» ÆÈ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ µÎ°¡Áö¸¦ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ´Ù ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±Ý¸®°¡ ¿À¸¦¶§´Â ä±ÇÀ» ÆÈ¾Æ¾ß ÇϰÚÁö¸¸ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ Ä¿Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ä±ÇÀ» ÆÈ¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ¶§´Â ä±ÇÀ» °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Áã°í ÀÖ°í ½ÍÀ» ¶§´Ù. ÅëÈ­·®À» ÁÙ¿©ÇÒ ¶§¸é ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ´Ü±â ä±Ç¸¸ ÆÈ°í Àå±â ä±ÇÀº Áã°í ÀÖÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¸é ¿¬ÁØÀ§ÀÇ Àڻ걸Á¶´Â ´õ ´õ¿í À§ÇèÇØ Áø´Ù. °¡°Ýµî¶ôÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ Á¤Å© ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À·Î ¸ô¶ôÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

So, here¡¯s the bottom line on money printing, or QE if you prefer.  If nothing happens, the whole thing was a waste of time.  If inflation takes off, the Fed will have to choose between holding bonds and letting inflation get worse or selling bonds and going bankrupt in the process.  Since no entity goes down without a fight, the Fed will naturally hold the bonds and let inflation take off.  Do not ask about the exit strategy from QE; there is no exit.   

´Þ·¯ Àμâ, ¾Æ´Ï QE¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á·ÐÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù. ¸¸¾à¿¡ ¾Æ¹«·± º¯È­°¡ ¾È»ý±â¸é, ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ½Ã°£³¶ºñ¿¡ ºÒ°úÇß´Ù. ¸¸¾à¿¡ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ÅÍÁö¸é, ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ä±ÇÀ» Áã°í ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ½ÉÇØÁöµµ·Ï ³öµÎ°Å³ª ä±ÇÀ» ÆÈ¾ÆÄ¡¿ì´Â °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»êÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ´©±¸µµ ½Î¿ò¾øÀÌ´Â ¹«³ÊÁöÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿¬ÁØÀ§´Â ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ä±ÇÀ» Áåä ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ÅÍÁöµµ·Ï ³ö µÖ¾ß¸¸ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. QE¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃⱸÀü·«¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¹°¾îº¸Áö ¸»¶ó. ¿Ö³Ä¸é Ãⱸ°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (There is no exit.)

 

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James G. Rickards: Senior Managing Director for Market Intelligence

James G. Rickards is Senior Managing Director for Market Intelligence at Omnis, Inc. and co-head of the firm¡¯s practice in Threat Finance & Market Intelligence.  He is also a member of the Board of Directors.  Mr. Rickards is a seasoned counselor, investment banker and risk manager with over thirty years experience in capital markets including portfolio management, risk management, product structure, corporate finance, regulation and operations.

Mr. Rickards¡¯s career prior to Omnis spans an over 30-year period during which he was a first hand participant in the formation and growth of globalized capital markets and complex derivative trading strategies.  He has held senior executive positions at ¡°sell side¡± firms (Citibank and RBS Greenwich Capital Markets) and ¡°buy side¡± firms (Long-Term Capital Management and Caxton Associates) as well as technology firms (OptiMark).  Mr. Rickards has been a direct participant in many of the most significant financial events over the past 30 years including the 1981 release of US hostages in Iran, the 1987 Stock Market Crash, the 1990 collapse of Drexel, and the LTCM financial crisis of 1998 in which Mr. Rickards was the principal negotiator of the government-sponsored rescue.  He has been involved in the formation and successful launch of several hedge funds and fund-of-funds.  His advisory clients have included private investment funds, investment banks and government directorates.  Since 2001, Mr. Rickards has applied his financial expertise to a variety of tasks for the benefit of the US national security community and the Department of Defense.

Mr. Rickards is licensed to practice law in New York and New Jersey and various Federal Courts and has held all major financial industry licenses including Series 3, Series 7, Series 24, Series 30 and Series 63.  He has been a frequent speaker at conferences sponsored by bar associations and industry groups in the fields of derivatives and hedge funds and is active in the International Bar Association.  He has been the interviewed in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Times, Politico and on CNBC¡¯s Squawk Box, as well as Fox, CNN, NPR and C-SPAN and is an OpEd contributor to the New York Times and the Washington Post.

Mr. Rickards is a graduate school visiting lecturer in finance at Northwestern University and the School of Advanced International Studies.  He has recently delivered papers on econophysics at the Applied Physics Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory.  Mr. Rickards has published numerous articles in the fields of cognitive diversity, network science and risk management.  He is a member of the Advisory Board of Shariah Capital, Inc., a firm specializing in Islamic finance and is also a member of the International Business Practices Advisory Panel to the CFIUS Support Group of the Director of National Intelligence.

Mr. Rickards holds an LL.M. (Taxation) from the New York University School of Law; a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School; an M.A. in international economics from the School of Advanced International Studies, Washington DC; and a B.A. degree with honors from the School of Arts & Sciences of The Johns Hopkins University.

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Original source: King World News
Thank you, Eric King and Mr. Rickards.

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