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Asia-Pacific Cyclical Outlook
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2010.10.25
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Tomoya
Masanao, Robert Mead and Chia-Liang Lian
Discuss PIMCO¡¯s Asia-Pacific Cyclical Outlook
-
After a
remarkable rebound in 2009, the latest data,
including industrial production and retail
sales, suggest that China¡¯s economic
momentum in 2010 is moderating toward a pace
that is more sustainable over the medium
term.
Áß±¹:
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Áß±âÀû ¼ºÀåÀ¯Áö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼ÓµµÁ¶Àý¿¡ µé¾î¼¹´Ù.
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-
To the extent
that Australian credit is priced at similar
levels to emerging market opportunities, it
may represent significant value for
investors. Australia has presented more of a
credit opportunity than an interest rate
opportunity for most of 2010.
È£ÁÖ:
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ÅõÀÚ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. È£ÁÖ´Â ¼öÀÍ·ü ±âȸº¸´Ù´Â ½Å¿ë±âȸ°¡ ´õ Å« °ÍÀ¸·Î
º¸ÀδÙ.
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-
The Bank of
Japan¡¯s policy decision at the October
policy meeting reinforces our view that
monetary policy in the developed economies
will need to remain extraordinarily
accommodative: The outlook for the global
economy remains unusually uncertain, with
deflationary tail risk over the cyclical
horizon.
ÀϺ»:
ÀϺ»ÀÇ 10¿ù Á¤Ã¥ ¹ÌÆÃÀº ±×µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®°¡ »ý°¢Çß´øµ¥·Î ¼±Áø±¹µéÀÇ °ø°ÝÀû
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Each
quarter, PIMCO investment professionals from around
the world gather in Newport Beach to discuss the
outlook for the global economy and financial
markets. In the following interview, members of the
Asia-Pacific Portfolio Committee, Tomoya Masanao,
Robert Mead and Chia-Liang Lian, discuss PIMCO¡¯s
cyclical economic outlook for the region over the
next six to 12 months.
¸ÅºÐ±â¸¶´Ù ¼¼°è °¢±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇËÆ÷ÀÇ
ÆÝµå¸Å´ÏÀúµéÀº ´ºÆ÷Æ®ºñÄ¡ º»»ç¿¡ ¸ð¿© ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦¿Í ±ÝÀ¶½ÃÀåµéÀÇ Àü¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ³íÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ
ÀÎÅͺä´Â ÇËÄÚÀÇ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-ÆÛ½ÃÇÈ ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ Åä¸ð¾ß ¸¶»ç³ª¿À, ·Î¹öÆ® ¹Ìµå, ±×¸®°í
Ä¡¾Æ-¸µ-¸®¾ÈÀÌ ÇÑÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÇâÈÄ 12°³¿ùÀÇ ¼øÈ¯Àû °æÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àü¸ÁÇß´Ù.
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Q: What are
PIMCO¡¯s key themes for the global cyclical
outlook, and how does the Asia-Pacific region
factor into the overall view?
Áú¹®: ÇËÄÚÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú ¼øÈ¯°æÁ¦ Àü¸ÁÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä
Å׸¶°¡ ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ÆÛ½ÃÇÈ (¾ÆÅÂ) Áö¿ªÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ÀüüÀÇ ±×¸²¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Â¥ ¸ÂÃçÁö°í
ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?
Masanao:
There are three key themes for our global
outlook and the Asia-Pacific economy is an
integral part of this outlook.
¸¶»ç³ª¿À: ±Û·Î¹ú Àü¸Á¿¡ ¼¼°¡ÁöÀÇ Å׸¶°¡
Àִµ¥ ¾ÆÅ °æÁ¦´Â ±× ÀϺΠÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
First, we live in a
de-synchronized or multi-speed global economy.
Different countries and regions across the globe
entered the global financial crisis with
markedly different initial conditions, and
therefore are demonstrating vastly different
post-crisis policy responses and economic
performance. These differences will continue to
be an integral factor in our cyclical outlook.
China demonstrated its ability to jump-start its
economy after the global financial crisis and
has maneuvered adeptly to reduce the risk of its
economy overheating. China, a frontrunner on the
high side of this multi-speed global economy, is
aiding the Asia-Pacific region as it becomes
more and more China-centric through the
intraregional trade linkages.
ù°, ¿ì¸®´Â ºñµ¿½Ã¼º ¶Ç´Â °¢±â ´Ù¸¥
¼ÓµµÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °¢ ³ª¶óµé°ú Áö¿ªµéÀÌ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦À§±â¿¡
ÁøÀÔÇÒ¶§ÀÇ ¿©°ÇµéÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ´Þ¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À§±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤Ã¥Àû ´ëÀÀ°ú °á°ú°¡ ´Ù¸£°Ô
³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ. ±×·¯ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀÌ ÃÑüÀû ¼øÈ¯ °æÁ¦ Àü¸ÁÀÇ
¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áß±¹Àº ±ÝÀ¶À§±â ÀÌÈÄ °æÁ¦ ȸº¹ÀÇ µµÈ¼±¿¡ ºÒÀ» ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
´É·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú°í °úÀׯØÃ¢ÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ´Â ±âµ¿·ÂÀ» º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¼ÓÀÇ ¼¼°è°æÁ¦¿¡¼
¼±µÎÁÖÀÚÀÎ Áß±¹Àº Áß±¹À§ÁÖÀÇ ÀÎÆ®¶ó Áö¿ª ¹«¿ª ¿¬°á¼º ¾È¿¡¼ ¾ÆÅÂÁö¿ª °æÁ¦ ȸº¹¿¡
ÇýÅÃÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Second, we live in
an unusually uncertain global economy with a
flatter distribution of potential outcomes and
fatter tails, raising the risk posed by events
that are relatively rare but can have
substantial impact on a portfolio. On one hand,
a secular rise of the middle class in China and
other emerging Asian nations, particularly if
coupled with a large appreciation of their
currencies, has the potential to become a right
tail of global economic growth. On the other
hand, while the Asia-Pacific economy is
benefiting from having become increasingly
China-centric, a double-dip slowdown or
deflation in the U.S. economy over the cyclical
horizon could pose a major downside risk to the
region¡¯s economy. However, a new round of
quantitative easing in the developed world,
whether it is the Fed alone or other central
banks as well, could invite more capital inflows
to relatively healthy economies – most notably
emerging Asia – potentially exacerbating policy
challenges on the inflation front.
µÑ°, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ±Û·Î¹ú
°æÁ¦¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀáÀçµÈ °á°úÀÇ ºÐÆ÷ Ä¿ºê°¡ ÆòÆòÇѵ¥ ºñÇØ µÎÅÍ¿î ²¿¸®
¸ðÇüÀ¸·Î¼ ÆúÆ®·Ñ¸®¿À»ó¿¡¼ »ç°ÇÀÇ ¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀº ¸Å¿ì Èñ±ÍÇÏÁö¸¸ Ãæ°ÝÀº ¾öû³ À§Çèµµ¸¦
Áõ°¡½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â Áß±¹°ú ½ÅÈï ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ Áß»êÃþ ¼ºÀåÀÌ ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ
ȯÀ²Àý»óÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¼¼°è °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÇ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ²¿¸®°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀáÀç·ÂÀÌ
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¾ÆÅ °æÁ¦°¡ Áß±¹ÀÇÁÖÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾î°¡¸é¼ ÇýÅÃÀ» ¾ò°í´Â
ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´õºíµö ¶Ç´Â µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀº Áö¿ª°æÁ¦¿¡ Å« ¾ÇÀç°¡ µÉ ¼öÀÖ´Â À§ÇèÀ» ÁÖ°í
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¾çÀû ÅëÈ¿ÏÈ´Â - ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ µ¶ÀÚÀû Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ°Ç ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé°ú ÇÔ²²
½Ç½ÃµÇ¾ú°Ç °£¿¡ - ÀÚº»À» °Ç°ÇÑ ½ÅÈï ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ·Î À̵¿½ÃŰ°Ô µÇ¾î ±×µéÀÇ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǰúÀÇ
½Î¿ò¿¡ µµÀüÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Third, we continue
to question the effectiveness of cyclical policy
tools in the economy due to structural
challenges. In the Asia-Pacific region, this
theme applies specifically to Japan. In addition
to the potential benefits from China¡¯s growth,
Japan also has implemented fiscal subsidy
programs to bolster private sector demand in the
wake of the financial crisis. But this type of
cyclical policy response alone cannot lead to
sustained economic growth unless the economy¡¯s
structural challenges are addressed with
appropriate structural policy responses. We have
seen this in Japan over and over again, and now
we are seeing this in the U.S. and Europe.
Australia, on the other hand, has not only been
fortunate enough to benefit from China¡¯s demand
for commodities, but also is maneuvering itself
into the New Normal with effective structural
policy responses such as its immigration policy
and mining tax.
¼Â°, °æÁ¦ÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû µµÀüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼
¿ì¸®´Â ¼øÈ¯Àû °æÁ¦ Á¤Ã¥ µµ±¸ÀÇ ½ÇÈ¿¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ °è¼Ó ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
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Áö¿øÁ¤Ã¥À» ¾²±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×¿Í°°Àº ¼øÈ¯Àû ´ëÀÀÃ¥¸¸À¸·Î´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀåÀ»
ÀÌ·ï³¾ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±¸Á¶Àû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ±¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ´ëÀÀÇϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀϺ»¿¡¼ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» ¿ì¸®´Â Áö±Ý ¹Ì±¹°ú À¯·´¿¡¼ ¸ñ°ÝÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹Ý¸é¿¡ È£ÁÖ´Â Áß±¹¹ß ¿øÀÚÀç ¼ö¿äÁõ°¡ÀÇ ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹Þ´Â Çà¿î¿Ü¿¡µµ À̹ÎÁ¤Ã¥°ú ±¤»ê¼¼±Ýµî°ú
°°Àº È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ±¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ´º³ë¸Ö (new normal)¿¡ ´ëºñÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¡¡

Áö¿ªº° °æ±â Àü¸Á
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Q: Given the
importance of China to the global economy, what
is PIMCO¡¯s expectation for growth, and is it
likely to be sufficient to serve as a global
engine of growth? Are you concerned about a hard
landing?
Áú¹®: ¼¼°è °æÁ¦¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Áß±¹ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÇ
Á߿伺À» ºÃÀ» ¶§ ÇËÄÚ°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ
¼¼°è°æÁ¦ÀÇ ¼ºÀå¿£ÁøÀ¸·Î¼ ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í º¾´Ï±î? ¾Æ´Ï¸é °æÁ¦Âø·úÀ» ¿ì·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?
Lian: We view
the likelihood of a hard-landing scenario in
China as low. After a remarkable rebound in
2009, the latest high-frequency data, including
industrial production and retail sales, suggest
that economic momentum in 2010 is moderating
toward a pace that is more sustainable over the
medium term. Importantly, China has strong
starting conditions, in the form of low
debt-to-GDP levels, fiscal flexibility and
generally unleveraged consumers. Indeed,
sustained growth should help drive national
incomes to new highs, potentially providing
scope for higher wages and greater domestic
demand for goods and services. China¡¯s role in
the global economy will continue to expand,
underpinned by a strong national balance sheet
and still-nascent economic development.
Longer-term challenges include promoting
financial market development and fostering a
broader range of investible assets, as well as
re-orientating the economy toward domestic
sources of demand, notably consumption.
¸®¾È: Áß±¹ÀÌ Âø·úÇÒ È®·üÀº ³·½À´Ï´Ù.
2009³âÀÇ ´«ºÎ½Å ¹ÝµîÀÌÈÄ, ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ »ê¾÷»ý»ê°ú ¼Ò¸Å µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§ Áß±¹ÀÇ 2010
¸ð¸àÅÒÀº ÁÙ¾îµé¾î Áß±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÂÀ¯ÇÑ ¼ºÀåÀ²À» ÇâÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ
°ÍÀº, Áß±¹Àº À¯¸®ÇÑ Ãâ¹ßÁ¡¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÎäÀ²ÀÌ ³·°í ¿¹»êÀÌ À¯¿¬Çϸç,
¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÇ ºúÀÌ ÀÛ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÀåÀÇ Áö¼Ó¼ºÀº ±¹°¡ °æÁ¦¸¦ »õ·Î¿î ÃÖ°íÁ¡À¸·Î À̲ø¾î ÁÙ
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°Í¿¡¼ ÆÄ»ýµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ »ó½Â°ú ÀÚ±¹³» ¼ö¿äÁõ°¡°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¼¼°è°æÁ¦¿¡¼ Áß±¹ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº Ä¿Áú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °·ÂÇÑ ±¹°¡ ÀçÁ¤°ú ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Ãʱâ´Ü°è¶ó º¼ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â °æÁ¦ °³¹ßÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â µµÀüÀº ±ÝÀ¶½ÃÀå ¹ßÀüÀÇ µµ¸ð¿Í
ÅõÀÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ»êÀÇ È®´ë, ±¹³» ¼ÒºñÁõ°¡ÀÇ ºÎ¾çÀ» ÅëÇÑ ±¹³» ¼ö¿ä °æÁ¦·Î Àç
Àç¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Separately, concerns
that the property market could overheat, and
related concerns regarding the potential risk
for a banking crisis, have dominated headlines.
However, the recent withdrawal of policy
stimulus is intended to cool the economy toward
a more manageable pace over the medium term, and
avoid a sharp boom-bust asset market cycle; we
do not believe it is targeted toward asset
prices. Overall, we believe the property market
is manageable in the baseline scenario over a
three-year horizon. Credit losses will likely be
significantly higher under more extreme stress
conditions. Even then, we estimate the potential
recapitalization cost would be roughly similar
to levels that prompted the restructuring of
major Chinese state-owned banks from 1998 to
2005.
°³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î, ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ °ú¿°ú ±ÝÀ¶À§±âÀÇ
ÀáÀ缺¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á°¡ ¾ð·ÐÀ» Àå¾ÇÇß¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ÃⱸÁ¤Ã¥Àº °æ±â¸¦
³Ã°¢½ÃÄÑ Á»´õ ÄÜÆ®·ÑÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á´Â µ¥ ÀÖ°í ÀÚ»êÀÇ ºÕ-¹ö½ºÆ® ½ÎÀÌŬÀ» ÇÇÇÏ·Á´Â
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ÀÚ»êÀÇ °¡°ÝÀ» Ÿ°ÙÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ÇâÈÄ 3³âÀ» ³»´Ùº¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ºÎµ¿»ê °ú¿¹®Á¦´Â ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í
º¾´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à ½ºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ½ÉÇÑ »óȲÀ̶ó¸é ÀºÇà ÀÚ»êÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ ÈξÀ Å©°ÚÁö¿ä.
±×·± °æ¿ì·Î ¸ô¸°´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ÀÚº»ÀÇ À籸¼º¿¡ µå´Â ºñ¿ëÀº Áö³ 1998-2005³â
±¹¿µÀºÇàµéÀ» À籸¼ºÇßÀ» ¶§ µç ºñ¿ë ¼öÁذú ºñ½ÁÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³»´Ù º¸°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Q: What are the
most attractive investment opportunities in
emerging Asia?
Áú¹®: ½ÅÈï ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ÅõÀÚ±âȸµéÀÌ
¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Lian: As
emerging Asia economies present stronger growth
dynamics and become more prominent destinations
for capital, the region¡¯s currencies are likely
to appreciate relative to the currencies of
developed economies. The buying in the Chinese
yuan, and other Asian currencies like the Korean
won, Singapore dollar and Philippine peso
reflect how important exchange rate appreciation
in emerging Asia will likely be in rebalancing
the global economy. Dollar-denominated bonds
issued by emerging Asian sovereigns, banks and
corporates are another opportunity to diversify
credit exposure from corporate credit in the
U.S. and other developed countries. Many
corporations in emerging Asia are global market
leaders and have demonstrated a strong track
record of withstanding economic cycles. In
addition, many offer attractive yields and
risk-return profiles.
¸®¾È: ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ½ÅÈï±¹µéÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ °ÇÑ ¼ºÀå
´ÙÀ̳»¹ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚº»ÀÇ À¯ÀÔÀ¸·Î ÈÆó°¡ ¼±Áø±¹µé¿¡ ºñÇØ Àý»óµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
À§¿Ï, ¿øÈ, ½ÌÄ«Æú ´Þ·¯, Çʸ®ÇÉ Æä¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä·Î ÀÎÇÑ Àý»óÀº ÇâÈÄ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦ÀÇ
À籸µµ¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÅÈï±¹°¡µéÀÌ ´Þ·¯·Î ¹ßÇàÇÏ´Â ±¹Ã¤, ÀºÇàä,
ȸ»çäµéÀº ¹Ì±¹°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¼±Áø±¹µé¿¡°Ô´Â Å©·¹µ÷ À§ÇèÀ» ºÐ»ê½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸ°¡ µÉ
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Q: How about
Australia? Where do you see the most attractive
investment opportunities there?
Áú¹®: È£ÁÖ´Â ¾î¶»½À´Ï±î? ±×°÷¿¡¼ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº
ÅõÀÚ´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?
Mead:
Australia continues to be the so-called economic
battleground between the divergent influences of
developed and emerging markets. Australia¡¯s
initial conditions of fiscal and monetary
flexibility, accompanied by a relatively clean
banking sector, bore almost no resemblance to
the majority of developed countries. This
comparative advantage has been enhanced over
time, especially as the fiscal positions in the
developed world are forecast to diverge further
over time with Australia expected to be
comparatively better off.
¹Ìµå: È£ÁÖ´Â ¼±Áø±¹µé°ú ½ÅÈï±¹µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼
¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ¿µÇâ·Â ½Î¿òÀÇ ÀüÅõÁö¶ó°í ÇÒ±î¿ä. È£ÁÖÀÇ Ãâ¹ß »óȲÀº ¿¹»ê°ú ÅëÈÁ¤Ã¥ÀÇ
À¯¿¬¼º, ºñ±³Àû ¸Å²ô·¯¿î ÀºÇà»ê¾÷À» °®ÃãÀ¸·Î½á ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼±Áø±¹µé°ú´Â ´Þ¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ
ÀåÁ¡Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³¯¼ö·Ï °ÈµÇ°í Àִµ¥ ƯÈ÷ ¿¹»êÀû ÀÔÁö°¡ ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù.
As a result,
Australia has presented more of a credit
opportunity than an interest rate opportunity
for most of 2010, and only recently are we
beginning to see some opportunity reappear in
Australia¡¯s interest rate structure. Having
already raised rates by 150 basis points since
the crisis lows, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)
retains its mildly hawkish tone. PIMCO continues
to believe the RBA will raise rates toward 5%,
implying a slight tightening bias vs. a New
Normal neutral rate expectation, which would be
approximately 4.75%. However, with the
Australian dollar trading close to parity with
the U.S. dollar, near-term pressure for RBA rate
action is reduced slightly.
±× °á°ú·Î È£ÁÖ¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÀÚÀ² ±âȸº¸´Ù´Â
Å©·¹µ÷ ±âȸ°¡ ´õ Å©´Ù°í º¾´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ µé¾î¼ È£ÁÖÀÇ ±Ý¸®±¸Á¶·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ±âȸ°¡
ÀçÇöµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌ¹Ì 1.5%ÀÇ ±Ý¸®¸¦ ¿Ã¸° È£ÁÖÁغñÀºÇà
(RBA)Àº ¿Â°ÇÀû ¹æ¾îÀÚ¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇËÄÚ¿¡¼´Â È£ÁÖÀÇ ±Ý¸®°¡ 5%¼±À» ÇâÇÒ
°ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´º³ë¸ÖÀÇ ±â´ëÄ¡ÀÎ 4.75% º¸´Ù´Â ¾à°£ ´õ ¹æ¾îÀûÀÎ
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (Âü°í: ÇöÀç 4.5% Cash Rate) ÃÖ±Ù ¹Ì±¹´Þ·¯¿Í µ¿°Ý
(parity)À¸·Î Àý»óµÈ È£ÁÖ´Þ·¯´Â RBA°¡ ±Ý¸®¸¦ ¿Ã·Á¾ß ÇÒ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¾à°£ ÁÙ¿©ÁØ
°Íµµ »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
To the extent that
Australian credit is priced at similar levels to
emerging market opportunities, it may represent
significant value for investors, especially in
primary markets when new issues offer discounts
to the prices of comparable bonds in the
secondary market. Global credit markets remain
somewhat inefficient, so many opportunities
continue to exist across currency denominations.
È£ÁÖÀÇ Å©·¹µ÷ °¡°ÝµéÀÌ ½ÅÈï±¹µé°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ
¼öÁØÀ¸·Î °Å·¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀº ±âȸÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÅõÀÚ°¡µé¿¡°Õ ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº °¡Ä¡ÁÒ. ƯÈ÷
2Â÷½ÃÀå °Å·¡°¡ º¸´Ù ³·°Ô °¡°ÝÀÌ Ã¥Á¤µÇ´Â ½Å±Ô ä±ÇµéÀÌ ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ±Û·Î¹ú
Å©·¹µ÷½ÃÀåÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ °¢±¹ÀÇ ÈÆó·Î °Å·¡µÇ´Â ä±Ç½ÃÀå¿¡ ±âȸ°¡
»ý±â´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù.
As global credit
markets have rallied strongly, carefully
selected Australian residential mortgage-backed
securities (RMBS) continue to stand out as
offering potential attractive relative value,
especially when considering the majority of
Australian RMBS naturally deleverage over time
and are self-liquidating, as mortgages are paid
down. While some commentators claim that
Australian housing has become a bubble, the
protection via increased subordination
requirements in current vintage RMBS securities,
such as additional excess spread, which provides
a cushion for investors, and declining
loan-to-value ratios in older vintage RMBS
securities, may provide significant downside
risk mitigation against potential house price
volatility.
¼¼°è ä±Ç ½ÃÀåµéÀÌ °ÇÏ°Ô »ó½ÂÇÏ¸é¼ Àß
¼±Á¤µÈ È£ÁÖÀÇ ÁÖÅô㺸 ä±Ç (RMBS) µéÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ÁÁÀº °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á¦°øÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ƯÈ÷ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ RMBSµéÀº ¿ø±ÝÀÌ °±¾ÆÁö¸é¼ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î 乫°¨¼Ò°¡ µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í
±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² ºÐ¼®°¡µéÀº È£ÁÖÀÇ ÁÖÅýü¼°¡ ¹öºíÀ̶ó°í °æ°íÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸®½ºÅ© ÇÁ¸®¹Ì¾öÀÌ
ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î µé¾îÀÖ°í ´ãº¸°¡Ä¡ ´ëºñ À¶ÀÚ¾× ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³·Àº ¿À·¡µÈ RMBSµéÀº ÅõÀÚ°¡µé¿¡°Ô
À§Çè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸È£ÀåÄ¡°¡ Àß µÇÀÖ¾î ÁÖÅýü¼ÀÇ º¯µ¿ÀÌ ¿À´õ¶óµµ À§ÇèÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀÌ ÀåÁ¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Q: How should
Australian investors be positioning their
portfolios?
Áú¹®: È£ÁÖ¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À¸¦
¾î¶»°Ô ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï±î?
Mead:
Generating real investment returns with
manageable levels of risk should always be the
goal of any investor. Given the RBA¡¯s inflation
management credibility, which has realized an
average CPI rate of approximately 2.5% for the
past 15 years, Australian investors have an
excellent opportunity in the current markets to
earn real returns of 3%–4% via Australian bonds
or global bonds hedged to Australian dollars.
The investment landscape is also expected to
remain volatile, which provides active managers
with significant opportunities to obtain alpha
for investors through both top-down and
bottom-up drivers. Investing passively in this
environment or with too narrow a focus could
result in lower return expectations.
¹Ìµå: °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§Çèµµ¿¡¼ ½ÇÁúÀû
ÅõÀÚÀÌÀ±À» âÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß °ÚÁÒ. RBAÀÇ ÀÎÇ÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç (15³âÆò±Õ
2.5%) ´ëÀÀ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·Úµµ¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§ ÅõÀÚ°¡µéÀº È£ÁÖ º»µå³ª È£ÁÖ´Þ·¯·Î Åë¿ëµÇ´Â
±Û·Î¹ú º»µå¸¦ ÅëÇØ 3%-4%ÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀû ÅõÀÚÀÌÀ±À» âÃâ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸ¸¦ °¡Áö°í
ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÅõÀÚȯ°æÀº º¯´ö¼ºÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ top-down°ú bottom-up
approach¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´Éµ¿ÀûÀÎ ÆÝµå¸Å´ÏÀúµé¿¡°Õ Ç÷¯½º ¾ËÆÄ¸¦ âÃâÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº
±âȸ°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Q: The Bank of
Japan (BOJ) seems to have taken one step further
toward a more aggressive monetary policy at
their policy meeting on October 4th and 5th. How
does that affect PIMCO¡¯s outlook on Japan?
Áú¹®: 10¿ù 4Àϰú 5ÀÏ¿¡ ÀϺ»ÀºÇàÀº
(BOJ) ÇÑÃþ ´õ °ø°ÝÀû Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ÇâÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÇËÄÚ°¡ º¸°í ÀÖ´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ Àü¸Á¿¡
¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µË´Ï±î?
Masanao: The
BOJ¡¯s policy decision at the October policy
meeting only reinforces our view that monetary
policy in the developed economies will need to
remain extraordinarily accommodative: The
outlook for the global economy remains unusually
uncertain, with deflationary tail risk over the
cyclical horizon. However, we still remain
skeptical about the prospects for the
effectiveness of the BOJ¡¯s policy, and expect
deflation to remain an issue in Japan for two
main reasons.
¸¶»ç³ª¿À: 10¿ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ BOJÀÇ Á¤Ã¥Àº
¼±Áø±¹µéÀÇ ¼öÆÛ ¿ÏÈÁ¤Ã¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇØ ¿Ô´ø ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑÁØ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» ¾È°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼°è°æÁ¦ÀÇ ¾Õ±æÀº ÀÌ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â
ÀϺ»Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ½ÇÈ¿¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñ°üÀûÀÌ°í µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯°¡
µÎ°¡Áö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
First, the BOJ¡¯s
reaction function has not materially changed and
will not change in the foreseeable future, in
our view. While technically opening up a door
for more asset purchases and easing, the BOJ
made it very clear that the bank would continue
to retain discretion regarding the timing of an
exit from its near-zero interest rate policy,
and indicated its decision would be based on its
own inflation forecast and asset price
developments. Therefore, we still see a risk
that the BOJ would prematurely exit on a rise of
asset prices while deflation would not be ended.
ù°, BOJÀÇ ¹Ý»çÀû Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â
º¯È°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀº °¡±î¿î ½ÃÀϳ»·Î ¹Ù²îÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¾´Ï´Ù. ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î
ÀÚ»ê¸ÅÀÔ°ú ¾çÀû¿ÏÈ¿¡ ¹®À» ¿±â´Â ÇßÀ¸³ª Á¦·Î±Ý¸®ÀÇ ÃⱸÀü·«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å¸Àְ̹ú
ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǰú Àڻ갡°Ý ¼öÁØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·®±ÇÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ»
¸íÈ®È÷ Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀϺ»ÀÌ Àڻ갡°ÝÀÇ »ó½Â¶§¹®¿¡ ¼º±ÞÈ÷ ÃⱸÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â À§Ç輺ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×·ÎÀÎÇØ µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀº ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Second, the
effectiveness of monetary easing alone is
limited when the economy is faced with
structural challenges that have mired it in a
liquidity trap. The central bank¡¯s quantitative
easing could be more effective if coordinated
with the fiscal authority, and even more so, if
structural problems are addressed by the right
structural policies. Japan needs to urge
structural reforms to enhance productivity
growth.
µÑ°, ÀϺ»Àº ½Å¿ë°æ»öÀÇ µ£¿¡ °É·Á ±¸Á¶Àû
¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÅëÈ¿Ïȸ¸À¸·Î´Â ½ÇÈ¿¸¦ °ÅµÎ´Âµ¥ ÇѰ谡 ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áß¾ÓÀºÇàÀÇ
¾çÀûÅëÈ¿ÏȰ¡ Á¤ºÎÁöÃâ°ú µ¿¹ÝµÇ°Ô µÇ¸é È¿°ú°¡ ´õÇØ Áý´Ï´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ ±¸Á¶Àû ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ
±¸Á¶Àû Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ µû¶óÁÖ¸é ±× È¿°ú´Â ÁõÆøµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»Àº »ý»ê¼º ¼ºÀåÀ» °ÈÇϱâ À§ÇÑ
±¸Á¶Àû °³ÇõÀ» ÁÖÃ¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Q: Then, where do
you see investment opportunities in Japan?
Áú¹®: ±×·¯¸é, ÀϺ»¿¡¼ ÅõÀÚ±âȸ´Â ¾îµð¿¡
ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸½Ê´Ï±î?
Masanao: We
believe seven-year to 10-year Japanese
Government Bonds (JGBs) offer relatively prudent
carry for portfolios that are managed against
local indexes. Admittedly, though, potential for
capital gains is quite limited.
For portfolios that have discretion to invest
outside Japan, we would look to underweight
Japan duration, as there are opportunities to
earn even more attractive carry, such as the
belly of the U.S. Treasury curve or some
quasi-sovereign and corporate bonds in the
emerging markets.
¸¶»ç³ª¿À: ·ÎÄà À妽º ´ëºñ·Î ¿î¿µµÇ´Â
ÆúÆ®·Ñ¸®¿Àµé¿¡°Ô´Â 7-10³â ¸¸±â ÀϺ» ±¹Ã¤µéÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ³´Áö ¾Ê³ª »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸
ijÇÇÅÐ »ó½Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»¿Ü¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â ÆÝµåµéÀº ÀϺ»º¸´Ù´Â ¹Ì±¹ ±¹Ã¤ Àϵå Ä¿ºêÀÇ ²ÀÁöÁ¡ ¶Ç´Â ½ÅÈï±¹µéÀÇ ±¹Ã¤À¯»ç ¶Ç´Â
ȸ»çä¿¡¼ ±âȸ¸¦ ã¾ÒÀ¸¸é ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
As for our currency
strategy, we currently remain neutral on the
Japanese yen. Fundamentally, Japan¡¯s current
account surplus and deflation (which results in
high real interest rates) will likely remain
supportive for the Japanese yen. Expectations
that the Federal Reserve will be more aggressive
than the BOJ when it comes to monetary easing
should also be a yen positive vs. the U.S.
dollar. But for fundamental attractiveness and
long-term valuation, we see much better value in
currencies in emerging Asia.
ȯÀ² Àü·«À¸·Î¼ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀϺ»¿£È¿¡´Â
´ºÆ®·²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϺ»ÀÇ °æ»óÈæÀÚ¿Í µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ¿£È¸¦ ÁöÄÑÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ QE°¡ ¿£ÈÀÇ °¼¼¸¦ À¯Áö½Ã۰ÚÁö¸¸ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÅõÀÚ¼º°ú Àå±âÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§
¿ì¸®´Â ½ÅÈï±¹µéÀÇ ÈÆó¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ Å« °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í º¾´Ï´Ù.
Thank you.
¿øº»À¸·Î ¹Ù·Î°¡±â:
http://www.pimco.com/Pages/PIMCO%20Asia-Pacific%20Cyclical%20Outlook%20Oct%202010.aspx#
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