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Asia-Pacific Cyclical Outlook

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2010.10.25
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Tomoya Masanao, Robert Mead and Chia-Liang Lian
Discuss PIMCO¡¯s Asia-Pacific Cyclical Outlook

  • After a remarkable rebound in 2009, the latest data, including industrial production and retail sales, suggest that China¡¯s economic momentum in 2010 is moderating toward a pace that is more sustainable over the medium term.
    Áß±¹: 2009³âÀÇ ´«ºÎ½Å ¹Ýµî¿¡ À̾î Áß±¹ÀÇ 2010³â »ê¾÷»ý»ê°ú ¼Ò¸Å µ¥ÀÌŸµéÀº Áß±âÀû ¼ºÀåÀ¯Áö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼ÓµµÁ¶Àý¿¡ µé¾î¼¹´Ù.
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  • To the extent that Australian credit is priced at similar levels to emerging market opportunities, it may represent significant value for investors. Australia has presented more of a credit opportunity than an interest rate opportunity for most of 2010.
    È£ÁÖ: È£ÁÖÀÇ Ã¤±ÇµéÀÌ ½ÅÈï±¹µé°ú °°Àº ¼öÁØ¿¡ °Å·¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº ÅõÀÚ°¡µé¿¡°Ô ÁÁÀº ÅõÀÚ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. È£ÁÖ´Â ¼öÀÍ·ü ±âȸº¸´Ù´Â ½Å¿ë±âȸ°¡ ´õ Å« °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ.
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  • The Bank of Japan¡¯s policy decision at the October policy meeting reinforces our view that monetary policy in the developed economies will need to remain extraordinarily accommodative: The outlook for the global economy remains unusually uncertain, with deflationary tail risk over the cyclical horizon.
    ÀϺ»: ÀϺ»ÀÇ 10¿ù Á¤Ã¥ ¹ÌÆÃÀº ±×µ¿¾È ¿ì¸®°¡ »ý°¢Çß´øµ¥·Î ¼±Áø±¹µéÀÇ °ø°ÝÀû ºÎ¾çÁ¤Ã¥ÀÌ °è¼Ó À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ÀçÈ®ÀÎ ½ÃÄ×´Ù. µðÇ÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç µ¿¹ÝÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³»Æ÷Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦ÀÇ Àü¸ÁÀº ¸Å¿ì ºÒÈ®½ÇÇØ º¸ÀδÙ.

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Each quarter, PIMCO investment professionals from around the world gather in Newport Beach to discuss the outlook for the global economy and financial markets. In the following interview, members of the Asia-Pacific Portfolio Committee, Tomoya Masanao, Robert Mead and Chia-Liang Lian, discuss PIMCO¡¯s cyclical economic outlook for the region over the next six to 12 months. 
¸ÅºÐ±â¸¶´Ù  ¼¼°è °¢±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇËÆ÷ÀÇ ÆÝµå¸Å´ÏÀúµéÀº ´ºÆ÷Æ®ºñÄ¡ º»»ç¿¡ ¸ð¿© ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦¿Í ±ÝÀ¶½ÃÀåµéÀÇ Àü¸Á¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ³íÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ÀÎÅͺä´Â ÇËÄÚÀÇ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-ÆÛ½ÃÇÈ ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À À§¿øÈ¸ÀÇ Åä¸ð¾ß ¸¶»ç³ª¿À, ·Î¹öÆ® ¹Ìµå, ±×¸®°í Ä¡¾Æ-¸µ-¸®¾ÈÀÌ ÇÑÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÇâÈÄ 12°³¿ùÀÇ ¼øÈ¯Àû °æÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Àü¸ÁÇß´Ù.

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Q: What are PIMCO¡¯s key themes for the global cyclical outlook, and how does the Asia-Pacific region factor into the overall view?
Áú¹®: ÇËÄÚÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú ¼øÈ¯°æÁ¦ Àü¸ÁÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Å׸¶°¡ ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ÆÛ½ÃÇÈ (¾ÆÅÂ) Áö¿ªÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ÀüüÀÇ ±×¸²¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Â¥ ¸ÂÃçÁö°í ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Masanao: There are three key themes for our global outlook and the Asia-Pacific economy is an integral part of this outlook.
¸¶»ç³ª¿À: ±Û·Î¹ú Àü¸Á¿¡ ¼¼°¡ÁöÀÇ Å׸¶°¡ Àִµ¥ ¾ÆÅ °æÁ¦´Â ±× ÀϺΠÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

First, we live in a de-synchronized or multi-speed global economy. Different countries and regions across the globe entered the global financial crisis with markedly different initial conditions, and therefore are demonstrating vastly different post-crisis policy responses and economic performance. These differences will continue to be an integral factor in our cyclical outlook. China demonstrated its ability to jump-start its economy after the global financial crisis and has maneuvered adeptly to reduce the risk of its economy overheating. China, a frontrunner on the high side of this multi-speed global economy, is aiding the Asia-Pacific region as it becomes more and more China-centric through the intraregional trade linkages.
ù°, ¿ì¸®´Â ºñµ¿½Ã¼º ¶Ç´Â °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÓµµÀÇ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °¢ ³ª¶óµé°ú Áö¿ªµéÀÌ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦À§±â¿¡ ÁøÀÔÇÒ¶§ÀÇ ¿©°ÇµéÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ´Þ¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ À§±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤Ã¥Àû ´ëÀÀ°ú °á°ú°¡ ´Ù¸£°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ.  ±×·¯ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀÌ ÃÑüÀû  ¼øÈ¯ °æÁ¦ Àü¸ÁÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ µÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áß±¹Àº ±ÝÀ¶À§±â ÀÌÈÄ °æÁ¦ ȸº¹ÀÇ µµÈ­¼±¿¡ ºÒÀ» ºÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú°í °úÀׯØÃ¢ÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ´Â ±âµ¿·ÂÀ» º¸¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¼ÓÀÇ ¼¼°è°æÁ¦¿¡¼­ ¼±µÎÁÖÀÚÀÎ Áß±¹Àº Áß±¹À§ÁÖÀÇ ÀÎÆ®¶ó Áö¿ª ¹«¿ª ¿¬°á¼º ¾È¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÅÂÁö¿ª °æÁ¦ ȸº¹¿¡ ÇýÅÃÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Second, we live in an unusually uncertain global economy with a flatter distribution of potential outcomes and fatter tails, raising the risk posed by events that are relatively rare but can have substantial impact on a portfolio. On one hand, a secular rise of the middle class in China and other emerging Asian nations, particularly if coupled with a large appreciation of their currencies, has the potential to become a right tail of global economic growth. On the other hand, while the Asia-Pacific economy is benefiting from having become increasingly China-centric, a double-dip slowdown or deflation in the U.S. economy over the cyclical horizon could pose a major downside risk to the region¡¯s economy. However, a new round of quantitative easing in the developed world, whether it is the Fed alone or other central banks as well, could invite more capital inflows to relatively healthy economies – most notably emerging Asia – potentially exacerbating policy challenges on the inflation front.
µÑ°, ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÑ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀáÀçµÈ °á°úÀÇ ºÐÆ÷ Ä¿ºê°¡ ÆòÆòÇѵ¥ ºñÇØ µÎÅÍ¿î ²¿¸® ¸ðÇüÀ¸·Î¼­ ÆúÆ®·Ñ¸®¿À»ó¿¡¼­ »ç°ÇÀÇ ¹ß»ýÈ®·üÀº ¸Å¿ì Èñ±ÍÇÏÁö¸¸ Ãæ°ÝÀº ¾öû³­ À§Çèµµ¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â Áß±¹°ú ½ÅÈï ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ±¹°¡µéÀÇ Áß»êÃþ ¼ºÀåÀÌ ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ È¯À²Àý»óÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¸é ±×°ÍÀº ¼¼°è °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀÇ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ ²¿¸®°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀáÀç·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¾ÆÅ °æÁ¦°¡ Áß±¹ÀÇÁÖÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾î°¡¸é¼­ ÇýÅÃÀ» ¾ò°í´Â ÀÖÀ¸³ª ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ´õºíµö ¶Ç´Â µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀº Áö¿ª°æÁ¦¿¡ Å« ¾ÇÀç°¡ µÉ ¼öÀÖ´Â À§ÇèÀ» ÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¾çÀû ÅëÈ­¿ÏÈ­´Â - ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ µ¶ÀÚÀû Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ°Ç ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé°ú ÇÔ²² ½Ç½ÃµÇ¾ú°Ç °£¿¡ - ÀÚº»À» °Ç°­ÇÑ ½ÅÈï ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ·Î À̵¿½ÃŰ°Ô µÇ¾î ±×µéÀÇ ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǰúÀÇ ½Î¿ò¿¡ µµÀüÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Third, we continue to question the effectiveness of cyclical policy tools in the economy due to structural challenges. In the Asia-Pacific region, this theme applies specifically to Japan. In addition to the potential benefits from China¡¯s growth, Japan also has implemented fiscal subsidy programs to bolster private sector demand in the wake of the financial crisis. But this type of cyclical policy response alone cannot lead to sustained economic growth unless the economy¡¯s structural challenges are addressed with appropriate structural policy responses. We have seen this in Japan over and over again, and now we are seeing this in the U.S. and Europe. Australia, on the other hand, has not only been fortunate enough to benefit from China¡¯s demand for commodities, but also is maneuvering itself into the New Normal with effective structural policy responses such as its immigration policy and mining tax. 
¼Â°, °æÁ¦ÀÇ ±¸Á¶Àû µµÀüÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ¼øÈ¯Àû °æÁ¦ Á¤Ã¥ µµ±¸ÀÇ ½ÇÈ¿¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ °è¼Ó ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÅÂÁö¿ªÀÇ °æ¿ì ÀÌ Å׸¶´Â ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϺ»À» °¡¸®Åµ´Ï´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÇ ¼ºÀåÀ¸·Î ºÎÅÍ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¹°·Ð ÀϺ»Á¤ºÎ´Â ±ÝÀ¶À§±â°¡ ´ÚÄ¡¸é¼­ ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÇ ¼ö¿ä¸¦ Àå·ÁÇÏ´Â Áö¿øÁ¤Ã¥À» ¾²±âµµ Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×¿Í°°Àº ¼øÈ¯Àû ´ëÀÀÃ¥¸¸À¸·Î´Â Áö¼ÓÀûÀÎ °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀåÀ» ÀÌ·ï³¾ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ±¸Á¶Àû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ±¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ´ëÀÀÇϱâ Àü¿¡´Â ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤Ã¥À» ¿ì¸®´Â Áö±Ý ¹Ì±¹°ú À¯·´¿¡¼­ ¸ñ°ÝÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ È£ÁÖ´Â Áß±¹¹ß ¿øÀÚÀç ¼ö¿äÁõ°¡ÀÇ ÇýÅÃÀ» ¹Þ´Â Çà¿î¿Ü¿¡µµ À̹ÎÁ¤Ã¥°ú ±¤»ê¼¼±Ýµî°ú °°Àº È¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ±¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ´º³ë¸Ö (new normal)¿¡ ´ëºñÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

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Q: Given the importance of China to the global economy, what is PIMCO¡¯s expectation for growth, and is it likely to be sufficient to serve as a global engine of growth? Are you concerned about a hard landing?
Áú¹®: ¼¼°è °æÁ¦¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Áß±¹ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀÇ Á߿伺À» ºÃÀ» ¶§ ÇËÄÚ°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÀå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî? ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍÀÌ ¼¼°è°æÁ¦ÀÇ ¼ºÀå¿£ÁøÀ¸·Î¼­ ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù°í º¾´Ï±î? ¾Æ´Ï¸é °æÁ¦Âø·úÀ» ¿ì·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?

Lian: We view the likelihood of a hard-landing scenario in China as low. After a remarkable rebound in 2009, the latest high-frequency data, including industrial production and retail sales, suggest that economic momentum in 2010 is moderating toward a pace that is more sustainable over the medium term. Importantly, China has strong starting conditions, in the form of low debt-to-GDP levels, fiscal flexibility and generally unleveraged consumers. Indeed, sustained growth should help drive national incomes to new highs, potentially providing scope for higher wages and greater domestic demand for goods and services. China¡¯s role in the global economy will continue to expand, underpinned by a strong national balance sheet and still-nascent economic development. Longer-term challenges include promoting financial market development and fostering a broader range of investible assets, as well as re-orientating the economy toward domestic sources of demand, notably consumption.
¸®¾È: Áß±¹ÀÌ Âø·úÇÒ È®·üÀº ³·½À´Ï´Ù. 2009³âÀÇ ´«ºÎ½Å ¹ÝµîÀÌÈÄ, ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ »ê¾÷»ý»ê°ú ¼Ò¸Å µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§ Áß±¹ÀÇ 2010 ¸ð¸àÅÒÀº ÁÙ¾îµé¾î Áß±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ÂÀ¯ÇÑ ¼ºÀåÀ²À» ÇâÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº, Áß±¹Àº À¯¸®ÇÑ Ãâ¹ßÁ¡¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÎäÀ²ÀÌ ³·°í ¿¹»êÀÌ À¯¿¬Çϸç, ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÇ ºúÀÌ ÀÛ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼ºÀåÀÇ Áö¼Ó¼ºÀº ±¹°¡ °æÁ¦¸¦ »õ·Î¿î ÃÖ°íÁ¡À¸·Î À̲ø¾î ÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×°Í¿¡¼­ ÆÄ»ýµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÓ±ÝÀÇ »ó½Â°ú ÀÚ±¹³» ¼ö¿äÁõ°¡°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¼°è°æÁ¦¿¡¼­ Áß±¹ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀº Ä¿Áú °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °­·ÂÇÑ ±¹°¡ ÀçÁ¤°ú ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Ãʱâ´Ü°è¶ó º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °æÁ¦ °³¹ßÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Áß±¹ÀÌ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â µµÀüÀº ±ÝÀ¶½ÃÀå ¹ßÀüÀÇ µµ¸ð¿Í ÅõÀÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ»êÀÇ È®´ë, ±¹³» ¼ÒºñÁõ°¡ÀÇ ºÎ¾çÀ» ÅëÇÑ ±¹³» ¼ö¿ä °æÁ¦·Î Àç Àç¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Separately, concerns that the property market could overheat, and related concerns regarding the potential risk for a banking crisis, have dominated headlines. However, the recent withdrawal of policy stimulus is intended to cool the economy toward a more manageable pace over the medium term, and avoid a sharp boom-bust asset market cycle; we do not believe it is targeted toward asset prices.  Overall, we believe the property market is manageable in the baseline scenario over a three-year horizon. Credit losses will likely be significantly higher under more extreme stress conditions. Even then, we estimate the potential recapitalization cost would be roughly similar to levels that prompted the restructuring of major Chinese state-owned banks from 1998 to 2005.
°³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î, ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ °ú¿­°ú ±ÝÀ¶À§±âÀÇ ÀáÀ缺¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ì·Á°¡ ¾ð·ÐÀ» Àå¾ÇÇß¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥µÈ ÃⱸÁ¤Ã¥Àº °æ±â¸¦ ³Ã°¢½ÃÄÑ Á»´õ ÄÜÆ®·ÑÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á´Â µ¥ ÀÖ°í ÀÚ»êÀÇ ºÕ-¹ö½ºÆ® ½ÎÀÌŬÀ» ÇÇÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ÀÚ»êÀÇ °¡°ÝÀ» Ÿ°ÙÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Àü¹ÝÀûÀ¸·Î, ÇâÈÄ 3³âÀ» ³»´Ùº¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ºÎµ¿»ê °ú¿­¹®Á¦´Â ´Ù·ê ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¾´Ï´Ù.  ¸¸¾à ½ºÆ®·¹½º°¡ ½ÉÇÑ »óȲÀ̶ó¸é ÀºÇà ÀÚ»êÀÇ ¼Õ½ÇÀÌ ÈξÀ Å©°ÚÁö¿ä. ±×·± °æ¿ì·Î ¸ô¸°´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ÀÚº»ÀÇ À籸¼º¿¡ µå´Â ºñ¿ëÀº Áö³­ 1998-2005³â ±¹¿µÀºÇàµéÀ» À籸¼ºÇßÀ» ¶§ µç ºñ¿ë ¼öÁذú ºñ½ÁÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³»´Ù º¸°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Q: What are the most attractive investment opportunities in emerging Asia?
Áú¹®: ½ÅÈï ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ÅõÀÚ±âȸµéÀÌ  ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?

Lian: As emerging Asia economies present stronger growth dynamics and become more prominent destinations for capital, the region¡¯s currencies are likely to appreciate relative to the currencies of developed economies. The buying in the Chinese yuan, and other Asian currencies like the Korean won, Singapore dollar and Philippine peso reflect how important exchange rate appreciation in emerging Asia will likely be in rebalancing the global economy. Dollar-denominated bonds issued by emerging Asian sovereigns, banks and corporates are another opportunity to diversify credit exposure from corporate credit in the U.S. and other developed countries. Many corporations in emerging Asia are global market leaders and have demonstrated a strong track record of withstanding economic cycles. In addition, many offer attractive yields and risk-return profiles.  
¸®¾È: ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ½ÅÈï±¹µéÀÇ °æÁ¦°¡ °­ÇÑ ¼ºÀå ´ÙÀ̳»¹ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ÀÚº»ÀÇ À¯ÀÔÀ¸·Î È­Æó°¡ ¼±Áø±¹µé¿¡ ºñÇØ Àý»óµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. À§¿Ï, ¿øÈ­, ½ÌÄ«Æú ´Þ·¯, Çʸ®ÇÉ Æä¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ä·Î ÀÎÇÑ Àý»óÀº ÇâÈÄ ±Û·Î¹ú °æÁ¦ÀÇ À籸µµ¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÅÈï±¹°¡µéÀÌ ´Þ·¯·Î ¹ßÇàÇÏ´Â ±¹Ã¤, ÀºÇàä, ȸ»çäµéÀº ¹Ì±¹°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¼±Áø±¹µé¿¡°Ô´Â Å©·¹µ÷ À§ÇèÀ» ºÐ»ê½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸ°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Q: How about Australia? Where do you see the most attractive investment opportunities there?
Áú¹®: È£ÁÖ´Â ¾î¶»½À´Ï±î? ±×°÷¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ÅõÀÚ´Â ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?

Mead: Australia continues to be the so-called economic battleground between the divergent influences of developed and emerging markets. Australia¡¯s initial conditions of fiscal and monetary flexibility, accompanied by a relatively clean banking sector, bore almost no resemblance to the majority of developed countries. This comparative advantage has been enhanced over time, especially as the fiscal positions in the developed world are forecast to diverge further over time with Australia expected to be comparatively better off.
¹Ìµå: È£ÁÖ´Â ¼±Áø±¹µé°ú ½ÅÈï±¹µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¹ú¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ¿µÇâ·Â ½Î¿òÀÇ ÀüÅõÁö¶ó°í ÇÒ±î¿ä. È£ÁÖÀÇ Ãâ¹ß »óȲÀº ¿¹»ê°ú ÅëÈ­Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ À¯¿¬¼º, ºñ±³Àû ¸Å²ô·¯¿î ÀºÇà»ê¾÷À» °®ÃãÀ¸·Î½á ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¼±Áø±¹µé°ú´Â ´Þ¶ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀåÁ¡Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ Áö³¯¼ö·Ï °­È­µÇ°í Àִµ¥ ƯÈ÷ ¿¹»êÀû ÀÔÁö°¡ ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù.

As a result, Australia has presented more of a credit opportunity than an interest rate opportunity for most of 2010, and only recently are we beginning to see some opportunity reappear in Australia¡¯s interest rate structure. Having already raised rates by 150 basis points since the crisis lows, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) retains its mildly hawkish tone. PIMCO continues to believe the RBA will raise rates toward 5%, implying a slight tightening bias vs. a New Normal neutral rate expectation, which would be approximately 4.75%. However, with the Australian dollar trading close to parity with the U.S. dollar, near-term pressure for RBA rate action is reduced slightly.
±× °á°ú·Î È£ÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌÀÚÀ² ±âȸº¸´Ù´Â Å©·¹µ÷ ±âȸ°¡ ´õ Å©´Ù°í º¾´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ µé¾î¼­ È£ÁÖÀÇ ±Ý¸®±¸Á¶·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ±âȸ°¡ ÀçÇöµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ÀúÁ¡À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ  ÀÌ¹Ì 1.5%ÀÇ ±Ý¸®¸¦ ¿Ã¸° È£ÁÖÁغñÀºÇà (RBA)Àº ¿Â°ÇÀû ¹æ¾îÀÚ¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÇËÄÚ¿¡¼­´Â È£ÁÖÀÇ ±Ý¸®°¡ 5%¼±À» ÇâÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ï°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´º³ë¸ÖÀÇ ±â´ëÄ¡ÀÎ 4.75% º¸´Ù´Â ¾à°£ ´õ ¹æ¾îÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (Âü°í: ÇöÀç 4.5% Cash Rate) ÃÖ±Ù ¹Ì±¹´Þ·¯¿Í µ¿°Ý (parity)À¸·Î Àý»óµÈ È£ÁÖ´Þ·¯´Â RBA°¡ ±Ý¸®¸¦ ¿Ã·Á¾ß ÇÒ ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ¾à°£ ÁÙ¿©ÁØ °Íµµ »ç½ÇÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

To the extent that Australian credit is priced at similar levels to emerging market opportunities, it may represent significant value for investors, especially in primary markets when new issues offer discounts to the prices of comparable bonds in the secondary market. Global credit markets remain somewhat inefficient, so many opportunities continue to exist across currency denominations.
È£ÁÖÀÇ Å©·¹µ÷ °¡°ÝµéÀÌ ½ÅÈï±¹µé°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¼öÁØÀ¸·Î °Å·¡µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â »óȲÀº ±âȸÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÅõÀÚ°¡µé¿¡°Õ ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁÀº °¡Ä¡ÁÒ. ƯÈ÷ 2Â÷½ÃÀå °Å·¡°¡ º¸´Ù ³·°Ô °¡°ÝÀÌ Ã¥Á¤µÇ´Â ½Å±Ô ä±ÇµéÀÌ ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ±Û·Î¹ú Å©·¹µ÷½ÃÀåÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ °¢±¹ÀÇ È­Æó·Î °Å·¡µÇ´Â ä±Ç½ÃÀå¿¡ ±âȸ°¡ »ý±â´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù.

As global credit markets have rallied strongly, carefully selected Australian residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) continue to stand out as offering potential attractive relative value, especially when considering the majority of Australian RMBS naturally deleverage over time and are self-liquidating, as mortgages are paid down. While some commentators claim that Australian housing has become a bubble, the protection via increased subordination requirements in current vintage RMBS securities, such as additional excess spread, which provides a cushion for investors, and declining loan-to-value ratios in older vintage RMBS securities, may provide significant downside risk mitigation against potential house price volatility.
¼¼°è ä±Ç ½ÃÀåµéÀÌ °­ÇÏ°Ô »ó½ÂÇϸ鼭 Àß ¼±Á¤µÈ È£ÁÖÀÇ ÁÖÅô㺸 ä±Ç (RMBS) µéÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ÁÁÀº °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á¦°øÇϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ RMBSµéÀº ¿ø±ÝÀÌ °±¾ÆÁö¸é¼­ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î 乫°¨¼Ò°¡ µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í ±×·¸½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² ºÐ¼®°¡µéÀº È£ÁÖÀÇ ÁÖÅýü¼°¡ ¹öºíÀ̶ó°í °æ°íÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸®½ºÅ© ÇÁ¸®¹Ì¾öÀÌ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î µé¾îÀÖ°í ´ãº¸°¡Ä¡ ´ëºñ À¶ÀÚ¾× ºñÀ²ÀÌ ³·Àº ¿À·¡µÈ RMBSµéÀº ÅõÀÚ°¡µé¿¡°Ô À§Çè¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸È£ÀåÄ¡°¡ Àß µÇÀÖ¾î ÁÖÅýü¼ÀÇ º¯µ¿ÀÌ ¿À´õ¶óµµ À§ÇèÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀåÁ¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Q: How should Australian investors be positioning their portfolios?
Áú¹®: È£ÁÖ¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆúÆ®Æú¸®¿À¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ½À´Ï±î?

Mead: Generating real investment returns with manageable levels of risk should always be the goal of any investor. Given the RBA¡¯s inflation management credibility, which has realized an average CPI rate of approximately 2.5% for the past 15 years, Australian investors have an excellent opportunity in the current markets to earn real returns of 3%–4% via Australian bonds or global bonds hedged to Australian dollars. The investment landscape is also expected to remain volatile, which provides active managers with significant opportunities to obtain alpha for investors through both top-down and bottom-up drivers. Investing passively in this environment or with too narrow a focus could result in lower return expectations.
¹Ìµå: °¨´çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§Çèµµ¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁúÀû ÅõÀÚÀÌÀ±À» âÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ñÇ¥°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß °ÚÁÒ. RBAÀÇ ÀÎÇ÷¹ÀÌ¼Ç (15³âÆò±Õ 2.5%) ´ëÀÀ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å·Úµµ¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§ ÅõÀÚ°¡µéÀº È£ÁÖ º»µå³ª È£ÁÖ´Þ·¯·Î Åë¿ëµÇ´Â ±Û·Î¹ú º»µå¸¦ ÅëÇØ 3%-4%ÀÇ ½ÇÁúÀû ÅõÀÚÀÌÀ±À» âÃâ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸ¸¦ °¡Áö°í  ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÅõÀÚȯ°æÀº º¯´ö¼ºÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ top-down°ú bottom-up approach¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´Éµ¿ÀûÀÎ ÆÝµå¸Å´ÏÀúµé¿¡°Õ Ç÷¯½º ¾ËÆÄ¸¦ âÃâÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÁÁÀº ±âȸ°¡ µÇ±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Q: The Bank of Japan (BOJ) seems to have taken one step further toward a more aggressive monetary policy at their policy meeting on October 4th and 5th. How does that affect PIMCO¡¯s outlook on Japan?
Áú¹®: 10¿ù 4Àϰú 5ÀÏ¿¡ ÀϺ»ÀºÇàÀº (BOJ) ÇÑÃþ ´õ °ø°ÝÀû Á¤Ã¥À¸·Î ÇâÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÇËÄÚ°¡ º¸°í ÀÖ´Â ÀϺ»ÀÇ Àü¸Á¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ°Ô µË´Ï±î?

Masanao: The BOJ¡¯s policy decision at the October policy meeting only reinforces our view that monetary policy in the developed economies will need to remain extraordinarily accommodative: The outlook for the global economy remains unusually uncertain, with deflationary tail risk over the cyclical horizon. However, we still remain skeptical about the prospects for the effectiveness of the BOJ¡¯s policy, and expect deflation to remain an issue in Japan for two main reasons.
¸¶»ç³ª¿À: 10¿ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ BOJÀÇ Á¤Ã¥Àº ¼±Áø±¹µéÀÇ ¼öÆÛ ¿ÏÈ­Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇØ ¿Ô´ø ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» È®ÀνÃÄÑÁØ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ À§ÇèÀ» ¾È°í ÀÖ´Â ¼¼°è°æÁ¦ÀÇ ¾Õ±æÀº ÀÌ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒÈ®½ÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀϺ»Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ½ÇÈ¿¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñ°üÀûÀÌ°í µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯°¡ µÎ°¡Áö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

First, the BOJ¡¯s reaction function has not materially changed and will not change in the foreseeable future, in our view. While technically opening up a door for more asset purchases and easing, the BOJ made it very clear that the bank would continue to retain discretion regarding the timing of an exit from its near-zero interest rate policy, and indicated its decision would be based on its own inflation forecast and asset price developments. Therefore, we still see a risk that the BOJ would prematurely exit on a rise of asset prices while deflation would not be ended.
ù°, BOJÀÇ ¹Ý»çÀû Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ÀǹÌÀÖ´Â º¯È­°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸ç ±×°ÍÀº °¡±î¿î ½ÃÀϳ»·Î ¹Ù²îÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¾´Ï´Ù. ±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÚ»ê¸ÅÀÔ°ú ¾çÀû¿ÏÈ­¿¡ ¹®À» ¿­±â´Â ÇßÀ¸³ª Á¦·Î±Ý¸®ÀÇ ÃⱸÀü·«¿¡ ´ëÇÑ  ŸÀְ̹ú ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ǰú Àڻ갡°Ý ¼öÁØ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ·®±ÇÀ»  À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϰí ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀϺ»ÀÌ Àڻ갡°ÝÀÇ »ó½Â¶§¹®¿¡ ¼º±ÞÈ÷ ÃⱸÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À§Ç輺ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±×·ÎÀÎÇØ µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀº ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Second, the effectiveness of monetary easing alone is limited when the economy is faced with structural challenges that have mired it in a liquidity trap. The central bank¡¯s quantitative easing could be more effective if coordinated with the fiscal authority, and even more so, if structural problems are addressed by the right structural policies. Japan needs to urge structural reforms to enhance productivity growth.
µÑ°, ÀϺ»Àº ½Å¿ë°æ»öÀÇ µ£¿¡ °É·Á ±¸Á¶Àû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÅëÈ­¿ÏÈ­¸¸À¸·Î´Â ½ÇÈ¿¸¦ °ÅµÎ´Âµ¥ ÇѰ谡 ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áß¾ÓÀºÇàÀÇ ¾çÀûÅëÈ­¿ÏÈ­°¡ Á¤ºÎÁöÃâ°ú µ¿¹ÝµÇ°Ô µÇ¸é È¿°ú°¡ ´õÇØ Áý´Ï´Ù. ´õ¿íÀÌ ±¸Á¶Àû ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸Á¶Àû Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ µû¶óÁÖ¸é ±× È¿°ú´Â ÁõÆøµÇ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»Àº »ý»ê¼º ¼ºÀåÀ» °­È­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ±¸Á¶Àû °³ÇõÀ» ÁÖÃ¢ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Q: Then, where do you see investment opportunities in Japan?
Áú¹®: ±×·¯¸é, ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ ÅõÀÚ±âȸ´Â ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸½Ê´Ï±î?

Masanao: We believe seven-year to 10-year Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) offer relatively prudent carry for portfolios that are managed against local indexes. Admittedly, though, potential for capital gains is quite limited. For portfolios that have discretion to invest outside Japan, we would look to underweight Japan duration, as there are opportunities to earn even more attractive carry, such as the belly of the U.S. Treasury curve or some quasi-sovereign and corporate bonds in the emerging markets. 
¸¶»ç³ª¿À: ·ÎÄà À妽º ´ëºñ·Î ¿î¿µµÇ´Â ÆúÆ®·Ñ¸®¿Àµé¿¡°Ô´Â 7-10³â ¸¸±â ÀϺ» ±¹Ã¤µéÀÌ ºñ±³Àû ³´Áö ¾Ê³ª »ý°¢ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ijÇÇÅÐ »ó½Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë´Â ¸Å¿ì ÀÛÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀϺ»¿Ü¿¡ ÅõÀÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÆÝµåµéÀº ÀϺ»º¸´Ù´Â ¹Ì±¹ ±¹Ã¤ Àϵå Ä¿ºêÀÇ ²ÀÁöÁ¡ ¶Ç´Â ½ÅÈï±¹µéÀÇ ±¹Ã¤À¯»ç ¶Ç´Â ȸ»çä¿¡¼­ ±âȸ¸¦ ã¾ÒÀ¸¸é ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

As for our currency strategy, we currently remain neutral on the Japanese yen. Fundamentally, Japan¡¯s current account surplus and deflation (which results in high real interest rates) will likely remain supportive for the Japanese yen. Expectations that the Federal Reserve will be more aggressive than the BOJ when it comes to monetary easing should also be a yen positive vs. the U.S. dollar. But for fundamental attractiveness and long-term valuation, we see much better value in currencies in emerging Asia.
ȯÀ² Àü·«À¸·Î¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ÀϺ»¿£È­¿¡´Â ´ºÆ®·²ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀϺ»ÀÇ °æ»óÈæÀÚ¿Í µðÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀÌ ¿£È­¸¦ ÁöÄÑÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ QE°¡ ¿£È­ÀÇ °­¼¼¸¦ À¯Áö½Ã۰ÚÁö¸¸ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ÅõÀÚ¼º°ú Àå±âÀû °¡Ä¡¸¦ ºÃÀ» ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â ½ÅÈï±¹µéÀÇ È­Æó¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ Å« °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í º¾´Ï´Ù.

Thank you.

¿øº»À¸·Î ¹Ù·Î°¡±â: http://www.pimco.com/Pages/PIMCO%20Asia-Pacific%20Cyclical%20Outlook%20Oct%202010.aspx#

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Tomoya Masanao

Mr. Masanao is a managing director in the Tokyo office and head of portfolio management Japan. He is also a chairman of PIMCO's Asia-Pacific Portfolio Committee, responsible for the region's macroeconomic and investment analysis. Mr. Masanao joined PIMCO in 2001 as a global portfolio manager and has been based in Tokyo since 2002, managing global and Japanese portfolios. Prior to joining PIMCO, he was an executive director and senior portfolio manager at Goldman Sachs Asset Management in London. He was also associated with Sumitomo Bank as a proprietary trader in London and a credit analyst in Osaka. He has 20 years of investment experience and holds an MBA from Boston University. He also holds a master's degree and an undergraduate degree, both in engineering, from Osaka University.

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Robert Mead

Mr. Mead is an executive vice president in the Sydney office. In addition, he is head of portfolio management in Australia and head of Asia-Pacific credit portfolio management. Previously, he was a portfolio manager in Munich and head of the European investment grade corporate bond team. Prior to joining PIMCO in 2003, he was global head of investment grade credit research and head of non-U.S. high grade fund management at Citigroup Asset Management in London. He has 22 years of investment experience and holds an undergraduate degree from University of Technology, Sydney and a graduate diploma in Applied Finance from Securities Institute of Australia.

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Chia-Liang Lian

Mr. Lian is a senior vice president and emerging markets portfolio manager in the Singapore office and is a core member of the Asia-Pacific Committee. Primarily focusing on Emerging Asia, he authors ¡°Asian Perspectives¡±, a regular publication highlighting secular and cyclical developments in the region. Prior to joining PIMCO in 2005, he spent eight years as a sovereign debt strategist at JPMorgan Chase and Merrill Lynch. Mr. Lian started out his career with the Monetary Authority of Singapore, where he spent four years as senior economist responsible for formulating exchange rate policy. For the past four years, he has been featured on Asset Magazine's list of "Most Astute G3 Bond Investors, Singapore". He has 17 years of investment experience and holds an undergraduate degree from the National University of Singapore.

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