Times
Online
Jonathan Leake
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April 25, 2010
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THE aliens are out there and Earth had
better watch out, at least according to Stephen Hawking.
He has suggested that extraterrestrials are almost
certain to exist — but that instead of seeking them out,
humanity should be doing all it that can to avoid any
contact.
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The suggestions come in a new documentary
series in which Hawking, one of the world¡¯s leading
scientists, will set out his latest thinking on some of
the universe¡¯s greatest mysteries.
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Alien life, he will suggest, is almost
certain to exist in many other parts of the universe:
not just in planets, but perhaps in the centre of stars
or even floating in interplanetary space.
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Hawking¡¯s logic on aliens is, for him,
unusually simple. The universe, he points out, has 100
billion galaxies, each containing hundreds of millions
of stars. In such a big place, Earth is unlikely to be
the only planet where life has evolved.
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¡°To my mathematical brain, the numbers
alone make thinking about aliens perfectly rational,¡± he
said. ¡°The real challenge is to work out what aliens
might actually be like.¡±
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The answer, he suggests, is that most of
it will be the equivalent of microbes or simple animals
— the sort of life that has dominated Earth for most of
its history.
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One scene in his documentary for the
Discovery Channel shows herds of two-legged herbivores
browsing on an alien cliff-face where they are picked
off by flying, yellow lizard-like predators. Another
shows glowing fluorescent aquatic animals forming vast
shoals in the oceans thought to underlie the thick ice
coating Europa, one of the moons of Jupiter.
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Such scenes are speculative, but Hawking
uses them to lead on to a serious point: that a few life
forms could be intelligent and pose a threat. Hawking
believes that contact with such a species could be
devastating for humanity.
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He suggests that aliens might simply raid
Earth for its resources and then move on: ¡°We only have
to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might
develop into something we wouldn¡¯t want to meet. I
imagine they might exist in massive ships, having used
up all the resources from their home planet. Such
advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to
conquer and colonise whatever planets they can reach.¡±
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He concludes that trying to make contact
with alien races is ¡°a little too risky¡±. He said: ¡°If
aliens ever visit us, I think the outcome would be much
as when Christopher Columbus first landed in America,
which didn¡¯t turn out very well for the Native
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The completion of the documentary marks a
triumph for Hawking, now 68, who is paralysed by motor
neurone disease and has very limited powers of
communication. The project took him and his producers
three years, during which he insisted on rewriting large
chunks of the script and checking the filming.
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John Smithson, executive producer for
Discovery, said: ¡°He wanted to make a programme that was
entertaining for a general audience as well as
scientific and that¡¯s a tough job, given the complexity
of the ideas involved.¡±
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Hawking has suggested the possibility of
alien life before but his views have been clarified by a
series of scientific breakthroughs, such as the
discovery, since 1995, of more than 450 planets orbiting
distant stars, showing that planets are a common
phenomenon.
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So far, all the new planets found have
been far larger than Earth, but only because the
telescopes used to detect them are not sensitive enough
to detect Earth-sized bodies at such distances.
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Another breakthrough is the discovery
that life on Earth has proven able to colonise its most
extreme environments. If life can survive and evolve
there, scientists reason, then perhaps nowhere is out of
bounds.
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Hawking¡¯s belief in aliens places him in
good scientific company. In his recent Wonders of the
Solar System BBC series, Professor Brian Cox backed the
idea, too, suggesting Mars, Europa and Titan, a moon of
Saturn, as likely places to look.
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Similarly, Lord Rees, the astronomer
royal, warned in a lecture earlier this year that aliens
might prove to be beyond human understanding.
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¡°I suspect there could be life and
intelligence out there in forms we can¡¯t conceive,¡± he
said. ¡°Just as a chimpanzee can¡¯t understand quantum
theory, it could be there are aspects of reality that
are beyond the capacity of our brains.¡±
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Stephen Hawking's Universe begins on the
Discovery Channel on Sunday May 9 at 9pm
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