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Times Online
Jonathan Leake

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April 25, 2010

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THE aliens are out there and Earth had better watch out, at least according to Stephen Hawking. He has suggested that extraterrestrials are almost certain to exist — but that instead of seeking them out, humanity should be doing all it that can to avoid any contact.
½ºÆ¼ºìȣŷ¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¡°¿Ü°èÀÎÀº Á¸ÀçÇϸç Àηù´Â °æ°¢½ÉÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÆ¼ºì ȣŷÀº ¿Ü°èÀÎÀÇ Á¸Àç¿©ºÎ°¡ °ÅÀÇ È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇϸ鼭 Àηù´Â ±×µéÀ» ã¾Æ ´Ù´Ò °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¢ÃËÀ» ÇÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í °æ°íÇß´Ù.

The suggestions come in a new documentary series in which Hawking, one of the world¡¯s leading scientists, will set out his latest thinking on some of the universe¡¯s greatest mysteries.
À̹ø¿¡ »õ·Î ¹æ¿µµÉ ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®¿¡´Â ¼¼°èÀû °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ µîÀåÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥ ȣŷÀº ±× Áß¿¡ ÇÑ»ç¶÷À¸·Î¼­ ±× µ¿¾È Àηù¿¡°Ô °¡Àå Å« ¹Ì½ºÅ׸®ÀÎ ¿ìÁÖ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ÷´ÜÀÇ »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

Alien life, he will suggest, is almost certain to exist in many other parts of the universe: not just in planets, but perhaps in the centre of stars or even floating in interplanetary space.
À̹ø ´ÙÅ¥¿¡¼­ ±×´Â ±×Àú Çϳª¸¸ÀÇ Ç༺ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ìÁÖ °÷°÷¿¡ ¿Ü°è »ý¸íü°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ °ÅÀÇ È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù. Ç༺»Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾î¼¸é º°µéÀÇ Áß½ÉÁöÁ¡ ¶Ç´Â Ç༺°èµé »çÀÌÀÇ ¿ìÁÖ°ø°£À» ¶°´Ù´Ï¸é¼­ »ì°í ÀÖÀ»Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.

Hawking¡¯s logic on aliens is, for him, unusually simple. The universe, he points out, has 100 billion galaxies, each containing hundreds of millions of stars. In such a big place, Earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has evolved.
¿Ü°èÀο¡ °ü·ÃÇÑ È£Å·ÀÇ ³í¸®´Â À¯³­È÷ °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¿ìÁÖ¿¡´Â 100 ºô¸®¾ðÀÇ ÀºÇϰ谡 Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸ç °¢ ÀºÇϰ迡´Â ¼ö¾ï°³ÀÇ º°µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁöÀûÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº °÷¿¡¼­ Áö±¸¸¸ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô »ý¸íü°¡ ÁøÈ­Çß´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡°To my mathematical brain, the numbers alone make thinking about aliens perfectly rational,¡± he said. ¡°The real challenge is to work out what aliens might actually be like.¡±
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³ªÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀûÀÎ ¸Ó¸®·Î »ý°¢ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¿Ü°èÀÎÀÇ Á¸À縦 ¼öÇи¸À¸·Îµµ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö Àմµ¥ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀÎÁ¤Àº ¿Ïº®ÇÏ°Ô ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Á÷¸éµÈ °¡Àå Å« µµÀüÀº ¿Ü°èÀεéÀÌ °ú¿¬ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ̳Ĵ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ȣŷÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

The answer, he suggests, is that most of it will be the equivalent of microbes or simple animals — the sort of life that has dominated Earth for most of its history.
±×°¡ ´äÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿Ü°èÀεéÀº ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ±×Àú µ¿¹°ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾°ú °°À» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Èí»ç ¿ì¸® Áö±¸ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ ´Ã Á¸ÀçÇØ ¿Ô´ø ±×·± °Íµé°ú °°´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.

One scene in his documentary for the Discovery Channel shows herds of two-legged herbivores browsing on an alien cliff-face where they are picked off by flying, yellow lizard-like predators. Another shows glowing fluorescent aquatic animals forming vast shoals in the oceans thought to underlie the thick ice coating Europa, one of the moons of Jupiter.
µð½ºÄ¿¹ö¸® ä³Î¿¡¼­ ¹æ¿µµÉ ±×ÀÇ ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â Àå¸éÁß¿¡´Â ´Ù¸® µÎ°³°¡ ´Þ¸° Ãʽĵ¿¹°µéÀÇ ¹«¸®°¡ ÆòÆòÇÑ ¾ó±¼ ¸ð¾çÀÇ ¿Ü°èÀεéÀ» µÑ·¯ º¸´Âµ¥ ¿Ü°èÀεéÀº ³ë¶ûºû±òÀ» Áö´Ñ µµ¸¶¹ì ¸ð¾çÀ» °¡Áø À°½Äµ¿¹° »ç³É²Ûµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³¬¾Æ ä¾î Áö´Â Àå¸éÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¡ÇǼҵ忡¼­´Â ¾ß±¤ÀÇ ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÏ´Â ¼öÁßµ¿¹°µéÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÑ ¹«¸®¸¦ Áö¾î ÁêÇÇÅÍÀÇ ´ÞÀÎ À¯·ÎÆÄÀÇ ¾óÀ½ ¹Ù´Ù ¹ØÀ» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï´Â Àå¸éµµ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Such scenes are speculative, but Hawking uses them to lead on to a serious point: that a few life forms could be intelligent and pose a threat. Hawking believes that contact with such a species could be devastating for humanity.
¹°·Ð ±×·± Àå¸éµéÀº À̷п¡ ºÒ°úÇϰÚÁö¸¸ ȣŷÀº ±×·± »ý¸íüµé Áß ÁöÀûÀÎ °ÍµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸® Àηù¿¡°Ô´Â À§ÇùÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ½ºÅ丮·Î ¹ßÀü½ÃŲ´Ù. ȣŷÀº ±×·± °Íµé°ú Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ê°Ô µÇ¸é Àηù¿¡°Ô ÆÄ±«ÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®´Ù ÁÙ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¹Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù.

He suggests that aliens might simply raid Earth for its resources and then move on: ¡°We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn¡¯t want to meet. I imagine they might exist in massive ships, having used up all the resources from their home planet. Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonise whatever planets they can reach.¡±
ȣŷÀº ¶Ç ¿Ü°èÀεéÀº ÀÚ¿øÀ» ±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ±×Àú Áö±¸¸¦ ħ·«ÇÏ·¯ ¿Ã ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸° ±×Àú ¿ì¸® Àΰ£µéÀÇ ¼Ó¼º¸¸ ÀÌÇØÇØµµ ±×µéÀÌ ¿ì¸® Àηù¿¡°Ô ¾î¶² ÇØ¸¦ ³¢Ä¥ Áö ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í µ¡ ºÙÀδÙ. ¾Æ¸¶ ±×µéÀº °Å´ëÇÑ ¿ìÁÖ¼±¿¡¼­ »ì°í Àִµ¥ ±×µéÀÇ Ç༺À» ¶°³­ ÀÌÈÄ ¿¬·á¿Í ÀÚ¿øÀÌ °í°¥µÇ¾î Áö±¸¿¡ Âø·úÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°íµµ »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ¾Õ¼­°¡´Â ¾Ù¸®¾ðµéÀº ±×µéÀÌ ´êÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç༺µéÀ» µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç Á¡·ÉÇÏ°í ½Ä¹ÎÁöÈ­ÇÏ´Â ³ë¸Åµå°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ È£Å·ÀÇ ÃßÃøÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù. (Âü°í: ³ë¸Åµå -»çÀüÀû Àǹ̷δ À¯¸ñ¹ÎÀ̶õ ¶æÀÌÁö¸¸ 21¼¼±â Àΰ£ÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ÀüÇüÀ¸·Î Åë¿ëµÈ´Ù. À¯¸ñ¹Îó·³ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô À̵¿ÇÏ¸ç »ì¾Æ°¡´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹Ì·¡»çȸ¿¡¼­ Å« ¼¼·ÂÀ» Çü¼ºÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Àü¸ÁÇÑ´Ù)

He concludes that trying to make contact with alien races is ¡°a little too risky¡±. He said: ¡°If aliens ever visit us, I think the outcome would be much as when Christopher Columbus first landed in America, which didn¡¯t turn out very well for the Native Americans.¡±
ȣŷÀº ±×·± ¾Ù¸®¾ðµé°ú Á¢ÃËÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À§ÇèÀÌ µû¸¦ °ÍÀ¸·Î °á·Ð Áþ´Â´Ù. ¡°¸¸¾à ¾Ù¸®¾ðµéÀÌ Áö±¸¿¡ ¿Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ ÄÝ·³ºÎ½º°¡ ¹Ì±¹ ´ë·ú¿¡ ù ¹ßÀ» µó´Â °Í°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¹Ì±¹ Åä¼Ó¹Î (Àεð¾ð)µé¿¡°Ô´Â ±×¸® ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®´Ù ÁÖÁö ¸øÇß´ø °Í°ú °°´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

The completion of the documentary marks a triumph for Hawking, now 68, who is paralysed by motor neurone disease and has very limited powers of communication. The project took him and his producers three years, during which he insisted on rewriting large chunks of the script and checking the filming.
ÀÌ ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸®ÀÇ ¿Ï¼ºÀº ÇöÀç 68¼¼ÀΠȣŷ¿¡°Ô´Â Àΰ£Àû ½Â¸®ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÀþÀº ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ¿îµ¿´º·± Áúº´À» ¾Î°ÔµÇ¾î Àü½Å¸¶ºñ°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç Áö±ÝÀº ¾ó±¼ ±ÙÀ°ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ºÎÀ§¸¸ÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î ¼ÒÅëÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ »óÅ¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ ¿Ï¼ºÇϴµ¥´Â 3³âÀÌ °É·È´Âµ¥ ±× »çÀÌ¿¡ ±×´Â ´Ù·®ÀÇ ´ë»ç¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¾²¸é¼­ ÃÔ¿µÀ» °¨µ¶Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.

John Smithson, executive producer for Discovery, said: ¡°He wanted to make a programme that was entertaining for a general audience as well as scientific and that¡¯s a tough job, given the complexity of the ideas involved.¡±
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ȣŷÀº ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÀϹÝÀεé°ú °úÇÐÀÚµé ¸ðµÎ¸¦ »ó´ë·Î Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¸¸µé±â¸¦ ¿øÇߴµ¥ ÀÌó·³ º¹ÀâÇÑ ´ë»óÀ» °¡Áö°í ±×·¸°Ô ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ½¬¿îÀÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù¡±¶ó°í ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ µð·ºÅÍ Àò½º¹Ô½¼¾¾´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.

Hawking has suggested the possibility of alien life before but his views have been clarified by a series of scientific breakthroughs, such as the discovery, since 1995, of more than 450 planets orbiting distant stars, showing that planets are a common phenomenon.
ȣŷÀº ¿¹Àü¿¡µµ ¾ÖÀϸ®¾ðÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇØ ¿Ô´Âµ¥ 1995³âºÎÅÍ ½ºÅ¸µé ÁÖº¯À» µ¹°í ÀÖ´Â 450°³ Ç༺µéÀÇ ¹ß°ßÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Ç༺ÀÇ Á¸Àç°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì »ó½ÄÀûÀÎ Çö»óÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵDZ⠽ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭 ±×¿Í°°Àº ÁÖÀåµéÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇØÁö±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.

So far, all the new planets found have been far larger than Earth, but only because the telescopes used to detect them are not sensitive enough to detect Earth-sized bodies at such distances.
Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹ß°ßµÈ »õ·Î¿î Ç༺µéÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ Áö±¸º¸´Ù ÈξÀ Å« ½ÎÀÌÁî¿´´Âµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö Àִ õü ¸Á¿ø°æµéÀÌ ±×·± °Íµéº¸´Ù ÀÛÀº °ÍµéÀ» ã¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ¸ðÀÚ¶ó±â ¶§¹®ÀÏ »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù.

Another breakthrough is the discovery that life on Earth has proven able to colonise its most extreme environments. If life can survive and evolve there, scientists reason, then perhaps nowhere is out of bounds.
¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ µµ¾àÀº Áö±¸ÀÇ »ý¸íüµéÀÌ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ È¯°æ¸¶Àúµµ Áö¹èÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Áõ¸íÇß´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Àú·ÂÀ̶ó¸é ¿ìÁÖ ¾î´À °÷¿¡¼­µµ »ýÁ¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³»ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Hawking¡¯s belief in aliens places him in good scientific company. In his recent Wonders of the Solar System BBC series, Professor Brian Cox backed the idea, too, suggesting Mars, Europa and Titan, a moon of Saturn, as likely places to look.
ȣŷÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¹ÏÀ½Àº È¥ÀÚ¸¸ÀÇ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°¡ Ã⿬ÇÑ BBC ´ÙÅ¥¸àÅ͸® ½Ã¸®Áî¿´´ø ¡®Å¾ç°èÀÇ ºÒ°¡»çÀÇ¡¯¿¡¼­ ºê¶óÀ̾ð Ĭ½º ±³¼ö´Â ȣŷÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÇѵ¥·Î »õÅÏ (Å伺)ÀÇ ±Ëµµ¸¦ °øÀüÇÏ´Â À¯·ÎÆÄ¿Í ŸÀÌźÀÌ Àηù°¡ »ì ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç༺ÀÌ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.

Similarly, Lord Rees, the astronomer royal, warned in a lecture earlier this year that aliens might prove to be beyond human understanding.
õüÇÐÀÚÀÎ ·ò½º°øµµ ±Ý³â¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø °­ÀǸ¦ ÅëÇØ ¾ÖÀϸ®¾ðµéÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â Á¸Àç¶ó°í °æ°íÇß´Ù.

¡°I suspect there could be life and intelligence out there in forms we can¡¯t conceive,¡± he said. ¡°Just as a chimpanzee can¡¯t understand quantum theory, it could be there are aspects of reality that are beyond the capacity of our brains.¡±
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ħÆÒÁöµéÀÌ ¾çÀÚÀÌ·ÐÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇϵíÀÌ ¿ì¸® µÎ³ú·Î´Â ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ¿Ü°è »ý¸íü¿Í ¿Ü°èÁö½ÄÀÎÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â µ¡ ºÙ¿´´Ù.

 

Stephen Hawking's Universe begins on the Discovery Channel on Sunday May 9 at 9pm
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