GLOBAL ECONOMY:
Short on options
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2010.10.11
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Å丶½º
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ÀúÀÚ:
2010.10.09 | Nouriel Roubini (EmergingMarkets.org)
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What
is the outlook for the global economy? First, the
recovery will be multi-speed: anemic, sub-par,
below-trend and U-shaped in the US and most other
advanced economies, given a multi-year slog of
private and public sector deleveraging that has
barely begun; more robust and V-shaped in most
emerging economies where potential growth is higher,
debt and leverage in private and public sectors
lower, and financial markets more robust.
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Second,
2010 is a year of two halves. Output in the
second half will be weaker than in the first, as
growth¡¯s tailwinds turn into headwinds: the
inventory adjustment – that accounted for a
significant part of growth in H1 – is mostly
done; the fiscal stimulus ends up a drag on
economic growth as economies move towards fiscal
austerity; the base effect – comparing H1 2010
with a free falling H1 last year – is gone; and
a number of tax policies that stole demand and
growth from the future – cash for clunkers,
investment tax credits, first time homebuyers
tax credits – have expired.
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Third, one cannot rule out a W or L-shaped
double-dip recession in some advanced economies:
US, eurozone PIIGS (Portugal, Italy, Ireland,
Greece, Spain) and Japan.
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PIIGS (Æ÷Æ©°É,
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In
the US, growth will reach a stall speed of 1% or
lower in H2, while housing double dips and home
prices fall, unemployment rises towards 10% and
credit remains tight. This slowdown is not
priced-in by the market, but when it comes,
stock prices could correct, credit spreads
widen, volatility increase and risk aversion
spike – thereby tipping the real economy into a
double-dip recession.
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In
the eurozone, GDP is contracting in Spain,
Ireland and Greece, while barely growing in
Italy and Portugal. The risk is of an L-shaped
near-depression. Spring¡¯s trillion dollar
eurozone bailout only kicked the can down the
road: sovereign spreads in the PIIGS are now
back to May levels. The bank stress tests turned
out to be a fudge: rather than a E3.5 billion
capital hole, Anglo Irish alone could face one
of E40 billion, let alone other Irish, Spanish,
Belgian and Greek banks and German Landesbanks.
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GDP´Â
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The
fundamental problems of the PIIGS remain
unresolved: large public debt and deficits,
sizeable current account deficits which imply
high foreign liabilities in the private sector;
a loss of competitiveness; near-depression; and
the risk of deflation.
PIIGS
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Japan, meanwhile, is in long-term economic coma,
consisting of: low potential and actual growth;
public debt close to 200% of GDP; poor
demographic trends which impair growth and
long-term fiscal liabilities; weak and unstable
governments incapable of structural reforms;
inefficient non-traded and service sectors;
almost entrenched deflation; and, an overvalued
currency that weakens competitiveness.
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ÀÖ´Ù.
Fourth, advanced economies are running out of
policy bullets. In 2009 when the global economy
was in free fall, all policy options were
available: pushing policy rates to 0% and
sharply increasing base money through
quantitative easing (QE); running fiscal
deficits of 10% of GDP in most advanced
economies; backstopping, ring-fencing and
bailing out financial institutions. But today,
if growth sharply disappoints – let alone
double-dips – fiscal deficits cannot be sharply
increased, as bond vigilantes are waking up and
most advanced economies are in fiscal austerity
mode, including the US where a fiscal drag is
incipient.
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GDP
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Á¢¾îµé¾ú´Ù.
Central banks will do more QE, but this ¡°QE2¡±
will be ineffective: US banks are sitting on $1
trillion of excess reserves earning near 0% and
not lending: why, then, would they lend the
second trillion, after QE2? Monetary policy is
becoming impotent and so cannot deal with
private debt and solvency problems that
constrain credit creation. States¡¯ ability to
bail out the financial system – if another
downturn occurs – is limited. Banks too big to
fail are also too big to be saved or bailed out
because fiscally stressed sovereigns –
especially in the eurozone – do not have the
resources.
°¢±¹ÀÇ
Áß¾ÓÀºÇàµéÀº
Ãß°¡·Î
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(QE)
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1
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In
short, we are running out of policy bullets to
prevent another downturn, should it materialize.
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Fifth, no economy is an island. Full decoupling
cannot occur in emerging market economies.
Protracted economic weakness in G3 economies
will be transmitted to emerging markets via
trade, capital flows, commodities and currencies
channels as well as through heightened risk
aversion which will lead to falls in risky
assets globally. China and other Asian nations
that rely on export-led growth and have low
(high) consumption (savings) rates will, give G3
weakness, face higher downside risks to growth
compared to those that depend more on domestic
demand (India, Indonesia, Brazil, Turkey).
´Ù¼¸Â°,
¾î´À±¹°¡ÀÇ
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G3ÀÇ
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G3ÀÇ
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(Àεð¾Æ,
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In
light of these risks, financial market
volatility will remain high. Investors should
remain risk averse as downside risks to equities
and risk assets are greater than upside risks:
better to preserve capital given the rising
risks of tail events in the real economies and
financial markets.
À§Çè¿¡
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À¯¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
Nouriel Roubini is chairman of Roubini Global
Economics (www.roubini.com), professor at New
York University and co-author of Crisis
Economics
¿ø¹®º¸±â:
http://www.emergingmarkets.org/Article/2690723/Comment-and-Opinion/GLOBAL-ECONOMY-Short-on-options.html
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