Consumer Deleveraging = Commercial Real
Estate Collapse
¼ÒºñÀÚ µð·¹¹ö¸®Áö¿Í »ó¾÷¿ë ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ À§±â
¡¡
Written by
Jim Quinn of The Burning Platform
¹ø¿ª: Å丶½º ¹Ú (°æÁ¦´åÄÄ
www.GyungJe.com)
2010.10.07
Boomers have come to the shocking realization
that you can¡¯t get wealthy or retire by
borrowing and spending. As consumers buy $500
billion less stuff per year, retailers across
the land will suffer. To give some perspective
on our consumer society, here are a few facts:
º£À̺ñºÎ¸ÓµéÀº ´õÀÌ»ó ºô¸°µ·À¸·Î ¼ÒºñÇØ°¡¸é¼ ºÎÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â
Ãæ°ÝÀûÀÎ »ç½ÇÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÌ ³â°£ 500ºô¸®¾ð ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ¼Òºñ¸¦ °¨¼Ò½ÃŰ´Â
»óȲ¿¡¼ ¼Ò¸Å¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °Ý°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸î°¡Áö Åë°èÀڷḦ »ìÆìº¸ÀÚ:
-
There are 105,000 shopping centers in the
U.S. In comparison, all of Europe has only
5,700 shopping centers.
¹Ì±¹¿¡´Â ½Ê¸¸5¹é°³ÀÇ »þÇμ¾ÅͰ¡ Àִµ¥ ºñÇØ À¯·´¿¡´Â 5,700°³°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
.
-
There are 1.2 million retail establishments
in the U.S. per the Census Bureau.
¿¬¹æÅë°è±¹ÀÇ Áý°è¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¹Ì±¹¿¡´Â 1¹é2½Ê¸¸°³ÀÇ ¼Ò¸Å°¡°è°¡
ÀÖ´Ù.
.
-
There is 14.2 BILLION square feet of retail
space in the U.S. This is 46 square feet per
person in the U.S., compared to 2 square
feet per capita in India, 1.5 square feet
per capita in Mexico, 23 square feet per
capita in the United Kingdom, 13 square feet
per capita in Canada, and 6.5 square feet
per capita in Australia.
¹Ì±¹¿¡´Â 132¾ï ½ºÄù¾îÇÇÆ® (sf)ÀÇ ¼Ò¸ÅÀå¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÏÀδç 46
½ºÄù¾îÇÇÆ®·Î °è»êµÈ´Ù. ÀÎµð¾Æ´Â 2 sf, ¸ß½ÃÄÚ´Â 1.5 sf, ¿µ±¹Àº 23
sf, ij³ª´Ù´Â 13 sf, È£ÁÖ´Â 6.5 sf ÀÌ´Ù.
¡¡
Despite the ongoing recession and the fact that
consumers must reduce their spending over the
next decade, irrationally exuberant retail CEOs
continue their death march of store openings.
Below are announced expansion plans for some
major retailers:
Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â °æ±âħü¼Ó¿¡ ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀº ÇâÈÄ 10³â°¡·® ¼Òºñ¸¦ ÁÙ¿©¾ß ÇÏ´Â Çö½Ç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí
ºñÇÕ¸®ÀûÀ̸®¸¸Å ³«°üÀûÀÎ ¼Ò¸Å¾÷ °æ¿µÀεéÀº ½ºÅä¾î¸¦ ´Ã¸®¸é¼ Á×À½ÀÇ ±æÀ» °È°í ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡ Åë°è´Â ´ëÇü ¼Ò¸Å¾÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ È®Àå °èȹµéÀÌ´Ù:
-
GameStop – 400 new stores
-
Walgreens – 350 new stores
-
Dollar General – 315 new stores
-
Ashley Furniture – 300 new stores
-
Target – 128 new stores
-
Starbucks – 100 new stores
-
Best Buy – 55 new stores
-
Kohl¡¯s – 50 new stores
-
Lowes – 45 new stores
Retailers expanding into an oversaturated retail
market in the midst of a Depression, when anyone
without rose colored glasses can see that
Americans must dramatically cut back, are
committing a fatal mistake. The hubris of these
CEOs will lead to the destruction of their
companies and the loss of millions of jobs. They
will receive their fat bonuses and stock options
right up until the day they are shown the door.
¡¡
All of the happy talk from the Wall Street
Journal, CNBC and the other mainstream media
about commercial real estate bottoming out is a
load of bull. It seems these highly paid
¡°financial journalists¡± are incapable of doing
anything but parroting each other and looking in
the rearview mirror. Sound analysis requires you
to look at the facts, make reasonable
assumptions about the future and report the
likely outcome. Based on this criteria, there is
absolutely no chance that commercial real estate
has bottomed. There are years of pain, writeoffs
and bankruptcies to go.

¡¡
Let¡¯s look at some facts about the commercial
real estate market and then assess the future:
»ó¾÷¿ë ºÎµ¿»ê ½ÃÀåÀÇ Çö½Ç°ú ¹Ì·¡¸¦ »ìÆìº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ:
-
The value of all commercial real estate in
the U.S. was approximately $6 trillion in
2007 (book value, not market value).
2007³â ÀåºÎ»ó (½ÃÀå°¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ) ÀÇ »ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»ê °¡Ä¡´Â 6 Æ®¸±¸®¾ð´Þ·¯¿´´Ù.
.
-
There is approximately $3.5 trillion of debt
financing these commercial properties.
±× ºÎµ¿»êµéÀÇ À¶ÀÚ¾×Àº $3.5 Ʋ¸±¸®¾ð °¡·®µÈ´Ù.
.
-
Approximately $1.4 trillion of this debt
comes due between now and 2014.
±×Áß $1.4 Æ®¸±¸®¾ðÀÇ À¶ÀÚ¾×ÀÌ Áö±ÝºÎÅÍ 2014³â±îÁö ¸¸±â°¡
µÈ´Ù.
.
-
The delinquency rate for all commercial
backed securities exceeded 9% for the 1st
time in history last month and has more than
doubled in the last 12 months.
»ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»êÀ» ´ãº¸·Î ÇÑ ¸ðµç ä±ÇÀÇ ¿¬Ã¼À²ÀÌ Áö³´Þ¿¡ 9%¸¦ ³Ñ¾ú´Âµ¥ ±×°ÍÀº
¹Ì±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå ³ôÀº ºñÀ²À̸ç À۳⿡ ºñÇØ µÎ¹è·Î ¶Ù¾î ¿À¸¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
.
-
Non-performing loans are close to 16%, up
from below 1% in 2007.
ºÎ½Ç À¶ÀÚ ÀÚ»êÀÌ 16%À¸·Î À°¹ÚÇß´Ù. 2007³âµµÀÇ ±×°ÍÀº 1% ¹Ì¸¸À̾ú´Ù.
.
Do these facts lead you to believe that the
commercial real estate sector has bottomed, as
stated in the Wall Street Journal? The Federal
Reserve realized the danger of a commercial real
estate collapse to the banking system over a
year ago. They have encouraged banks to extend
and pretend. The website
www.MyBudget360.com
describes in detail what has occurred:
What has happened is the Fed has allowed this
shadow monetization of the debt and banks let
borrowers roll over CRE debt without even making
payments in many cases! Think of an empty
shopping mall. There is no buyer for this in
the current market. So why would a bank want to
foreclose on the borrower? Instead, they
pretend the asset is worth $10 million while the
borrower makes no payment and the Fed keeps
funneling money into the banking system. In the
end, the value of the dollar gets crushed and
you end up bailing out the banking system.
Commercial real estate has collapsed even harder
than residential real estate. This market is
enormous in terms of actual debt. There is no
official bailout on the books but it is
occurring through a slow and deliberate
process. Banks know that they are essentially
insolvent and they are dumping this junk onto
the taxpayer.
This grim story began between 2004 and 2007. The
horrifying ending will be written between 2011
and 2014. Commercial real estate loans for
office buildings, malls, apartment buildings and
hotels usually have 5 to 7 year terms. If you
thought the debt induced bubble in real estate
only affected residential real estate, you are
badly mistaken. Before the boom, a normal year
would see $100 billion in commercial real estate
transactions. Between 2004 and 2007 there were
$1.4 trillion of deals done, with 2007 reaching
a peak of $522 billion of commercial real estate
deals. Shockingly, the Wall Street banks, run by
MBA geniuses, loaned developers a half trillion
dollars at the very peak in the market. Sounds
familiar. Thank God the taxpayer has bailed
these Einsteins out so they could live to make
more bad loans and collect big fat bonuses.
±×¿Í°°Àº ¾Ï¿ïÇÑ ½ºÅ丮´Â 2004-2007³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. °øÆ÷ÀÇ
Á¾¸»Àº 2011-2014³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸Â°ÔµÈ´Ù. »ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»ê À¶ÀÚ (¿ÀÇǽº, ¼îÇθô,
¾ÆÆÄÆ®, È£ÅÚ)´Â ÁÖ·Î 5³â¿¡¼ 7³â³»·Î ¸¸±â°¡ µÈ´Ù. ºúÀ¸·Î »ý±ä ºÎµ¿»ê ¹öºíÀÌ
ÁÖÅÿ¡¸¸ ±¹ÇѵǾú´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¸é Å« ¿À»êÀÌ´Ù. ºÎµ¿»ê ºÕÀÌ ÀÖ±â Àü¿¡´Â »ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»êÀÇ
°Å·¡¾×ÀÌ ³â°£ $100ºô¸®¾ð Á¤µµ¿´¾ú´Ù. 2004-2007³â µ¿¾È °Å·¡·®Àº
$1.4Æ®¸±¸®¾ðÀ¸·Î ¶Ù¾ú´Ù. 2007³â ÇÑÇØ¿¡´Â $522ºô¸®¾ð´Þ·¯ÀÇ µôÀÌ ¼º»çµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¶È¶ÈÇÏ´Ù´Â MBA Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¿ù½ºÆ®¸´ Àü¹®°¡µéÀÌ ¹öºíÀÇ Á¤Á¡¿¡¼ ±×Åä·Ï ¸¹Àº µ·À» ºô·Á
ÁÖ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀº Ãæ°ÝÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÇàÈ÷µµ ¼¼³³ÀÚµéÀº ±×·± ¾ÆÀν´Å¸ÀεéÀ»
¼ö··¿¡¼ °ÇÁ®ÁÜÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ±×µéÀº °è¼Ó ±×·± Çà°¢À» Áö¼ÓÇÏ¸é¼ ¾öû³ ¾×¼öÀÇ º¸³Ê½º¸¦
ì±æ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

¡¡
Commercial real estate prices rose 90% between
2001 and 2007, driven by the loose monetary
policies of the Fed and complete lack of risk
management on the part of the banks making the
loans. Knuckle dragging mouth breather
developers built malls, apartments, offices and
hotels with abandon as billions of dollars
rained down on them from Wall Street. The
consumer delusion of debt financed wealth led to
the developer delusion that 100% occupancy and
increasing rents for all eternity were
guaranteed.
»ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»ê ½Ã¼¼´Â 2001-2007³â »çÀÌ¿¡ 90%°¡ »ó½ÂÇß´Ù. FRBÀÇ
Çæ°Å¿î ÅëÈÁ¤Ã¥°ú À¶ÀÚ¸¦ ³»ÁÖ´Â ÀºÇàµéÀÇ ¸®½ºÅ© ¿î¿µÀÇ ºÎ½Ç·Î ÀÎÇÑ »ó½ÂÀ̾ú´Ù.
°í¸±¶ó°°Àº °³¹ß¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ¼îÇθô, ¾ÆÆÄÆ®, ¿ÀÇǽº, È£ÅÚµéÀ» Áö¾ú°í ³»¹ö·È´Ù. ºúÀ¸·Î
ȣȲÀ» ´©·È´ø ¼ÒºñÀÚµé·Î ÀÎÇØ °³¹ß¾÷ÀÚµéÀº 100%ÀÇ ÀÔÁÖÀ²°ú ÀÓ´ë·áÀÇ »ó½ÂÀÌ º¸ÀåµÉ
°ÍÀ̶ó´Â ȯ°¢¿¡ ºüÁ³¾ú´Ù.

¡¡
Commercial real estate prices have dropped 42%
in just over a year. This means that the $6
trillion value of all the commercial real estate
in the country has dropped to $3.5 trillion. The
debt remained in place. The billions in debt
issued in 2003 – 2005 is coming due between 2010
and 2012. The underlying assets are worth
billions less than the debt that must be
refinanced. Commercial loan payments by owners
can only be made from cash flow generated by
rental income. A key requirement in generating
rental income is tenants.
»ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»ê °¡°ÝÀº ÀϳâÀÌ Á¶±Ý ³Ñ´Â »çÀÌ¿¡ 42%°¡ Æø¶ôÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº
2007³â¿¡ Áý°èµÇ¾ú´ø $6 Æ®¸±¸®¾ð¿¡¼ $3.5Æ®¸±¸®¾ðÀ¸·Î Ç϶ôÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥
À¶ÀÚ´Â ±×´ë·Î ³²¾ÆÀÖ´Ù. 2003³â-2005³â »çÀÌ¿¡ À¶ÀڵǾú´ø ¼ö½Ê¾ï´Þ·¯°¡
2010-2012³â »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸¸±â°¡ µÈ´Ù. ´ãº¸·Î ÀâÈù ºÎµ¿»êµéÀÇ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀçÀ¶ÀÚ¸¦
ÇØ¾ßÇÏ´Â ¾×¼ö¿¡ ºñÇØ ¼ö½Ê¾ï´Þ·¯°¡ ¹Ì´ÞµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ó¾÷ºÎµ¿»ê À¶ÀÚ ÆäÀÌ¸ÕÆ®´Â
ÀÓ´ë¼öÀÔ¿¡¼ ³ª¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÓ´ë¼öÀÔÀÇ Çʼö¿ä°ÇÀº ÀÔÁÖÀÚµéÀÌ´Ù.

Let¡¯s examine the current state of vacancy rates
for offices, shopping malls and rental
properties. The current office vacancy rate of
17.5% is the highest since 1993 and is just
below the all-time high 18.7% in 1992. The WSJ
has concluded, with no data or analysis, that
the vacancy rate has bottomed. As the employment
data proves, companies are not hiring employees.
New companies are not being formed. Government
mandates and regulations regarding healthcare
and uncertainty about taxes will keep the
formation of new small companies at a minimum.
Conglomerates continue to ship jobs overseas.
Part 2 of this Depression will drive more
companies out of business. Office vacancies will
remain at record levels for the next five
years.
¿ÀÇǽº °ø½Ç·üÀº ÇöÀç 17.5%·Î 1993³âÀÌ·¡ ÃÖ°íÄ¡À̸ç 18.7%¸¦
±â·ÏÇß´ø 1992³â ¼öÁØ¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³ôÀº ½Ç¾÷·üÀ» ºñÃß¾î º¼¶§ ȸ»çµéÀº Á÷¿øÀ»
´Ã¸®Áö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »õ·Î¿î ȸ»ç°¡ âÃâµÇÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÇ·á
°³Çõ¾ÈÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀǷẸÇè Ã¥ÀÓ°ú ¼¼±ÝÀÇ °¡ÁßÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ½º¸ôºñÁö´Ï½ºÀÇ Ã¢¾÷ÀÌ ¹Ø¹Ù´ÚÀ»
Çì¸ÞÀÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î ±â´ëµÈ´Ù. ´ë±â¾÷µéÀº Á÷ÀåÀ» ¿Ü±¹À¸·Î ³» º¸³»´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù.
±×ó·³ ½É°¢ÇÑ °æ±â ħüÀÇ 2Â÷ Çö»óÀº °á±¹ ȸ»çµéÀÇ ÆÄ»êÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¿ÀÇǽº
°ø½Ç·üÀº ÇâÈÄ 5³â°£ ÃÖ°íÄ¡¸¦ ¸Ó¹«¸£°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡¡
Mall vacancies between 9% and 11% are at record
levels. There is absolutely no chance that these
vacancy rates decline over the next few years.
With consumers deleveraging, wages stagnant,
unemployment high, and retail oversaturation,
there are thousands of retail stores destined to
close up shop. Ghost malls are in our future.
They will come in handy as homeless shelters and
soup kitchens. Mall developers will be
defaulting in record numbers.
¼îÇθô °ø½Ç·ü ¶ÇÇÑ ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¸î³â³»·Î Çâ»óµÉ¸® ¸¸¹«ÇÏ´Ù. ¼ÒºñÀÚµéÀÌ ºúÀ»
ÁÙÀ̰í ÀÓ±ÝÀÌ ºüµíÇϸç, ½Ç¾÷·üÀÌ ³ô°í, ¼Ò¸Å°¡°è ÀÚ¸®°¡ Æ÷ȵǾî ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÃÀ»¶§
¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¼öõ°³ÀÇ °¡°èµéÀÌ Ãß°¡·Î ¹®À» ´Ý°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Èä°¡¿Í °°Àº ¼îÇθôµéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ
»ý±â°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ³ë¼÷ÀÚµéÀÇ º¸±ÝÀÚ¸®·Î ¾²±â¿¡ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼îÇθô °³¹ß¾÷ÀÚµéÀÇ
乫ºÒÀÌÇàÀÌ ±â·ÏÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡¡
Apartment vacancy rates peaked at 11% in 2009,
the highest level in history. With millions of
vacant homes and millions of available rental
units, rental rates will stay low for years. The
cashflow of apartment developers will under
stress and will lead to more loan defaults.
2009³â ¾ÆÆÄÆ® °ø½Ç·üÀº 11%¿¡¼ Á¤Á¡À» ¶§·È´Ù. ¿ª½Ã »ç»ó
ÃÖ°íÄ¡¿´¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¹é¸¸°³ÀÇ ºóÁýµé·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÓ´ë¿ë ÁÖ°ÅÁö´Â ´Ã°Ô µÇ°í ³·Àº ÀÓ´ë·á°¡ ¼ö³â°£
Áö¼ÓµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡¡
Based upon the current rising delinquency rates
of 15.7% for commercial real estate loans and
9.05% for CMBS, there is no bottom in sight.
Only raging mindless optimists like Larry Kudlow
could ignore the facts and conclude that all is
well in commercial real estate world. Banks
pretending that the loans on their books aren¡¯t
worth 40% to 50% less, while also pretending
that borrowers with negative cash flow can make
loan payments, is not a solution. It is a
Federal Reserve encouraged fraud. Allowing loans
to be rolled over with no hope of ever being
repaid will only prolong the pain and delay the
inevitable.
ÇöÀç 15.7%·Î »ó½ÂÇÑ ¿¬Ã¼À²ÀÌ È¸º¹µÉ ½Ã±â°¡ ¾ðÁ¦ÀÏÁö ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ
Èûµé´Ù. CNBCÀÇ ·¡¸® Ä¿µé·Î¿ì¿Í °°Àº ³«°ü·ÐÀÚµéÀº »ç½ÇÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ºÎµ¿»êÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÁú
°ÍÀ̶ó°í¸¸ ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. ÀºÇàµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÇ ´ãº¸°¡Ä¡°¡ 40%-50% ¶³¾îÁø °ÍÀ» ¸ð¸¥Ã¼Çϰí
ÀÖ°í ÆäÀÌ¸ÕÆ®¸¦ ¸ø³»°í ÀÖ´Â À¶ÀÚ°í°´µéÀ» ¸ð¸¥Ã¼Çϰí ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀº ÇØ°áÃ¥ÀÌ
¸øµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ »ç±â±ØÀ» Àå·ÁÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Áø¹üÀº ¿¬¹æÁغñÀºÇàÀÌ´Ù. ¹®Á¦ÀÖ´Â À¶ÀÚ¸¦ °è¼Ó
·Ñ¸µ¿À¹ö ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹®Á¦¸¦ Áö¿¬ÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¸ ³º°Ô µÈ´Ù.


¡¡
The facts are that hundreds of billions in
commercial loans are coming due, with a peak not
being reached until 2013. If banks were to
properly account for the true value of these
loans, hundreds of regional banks would be
forced to fail. This is unacceptable to
government authorities. They will insist that
the fantasy continue. Banks and real estate
developers will pretend to be solvent, hoping
the economy will miraculously repair itself and
eventually make them whole. I understand these
bank CEOs and delusional developers also believe
in Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, and the
Efficient Market theory. It seems our entire
financial system is based upon debt, fantasy,
fraud, and delusion.
ÀºÇàÀ¶ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸¸±â´Â 2013³â¿¡³ª °¡¾ß ÀýÁ¤À» ÀÌ·ç°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à
ÀºÇàµéÀÌ ºÎµ¿»êµéÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ Á¦´ë·Î ÀåºÎ¿¡ ¿Ã¸°´Ù¸é ¼ö¹é°³ÀÇ Áö¿ªÀºÇàµéÀº ÆÄ»êÇÏ°Ô µÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ë½Å ´ç±¹Àº ȯ»ó¼Ó¿¡¼ »ì±â¸¦
¿øÇÑ´Ù. ÀºÇàµé°ú °³¹ß¾÷ÀÚµéÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Â üÇÏ¸é¼ °æ±â°¡ ±âÀûÀûÀ¸·Î ȸº¹ÇØ Áֱ⸸À»
¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¿Í°°Àº CEOµéÀº »êŸŬ·ÎÁî ÇҾƹöÁö¿Í ºÎȰÀý Åä³¢, ±×¸®°í ½ÃÀå°æÁ¦ÀÇ
È¿À²¼º°ú °°Àº ȯ»óÀ» ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±ÝÀ¶±¸Á¶ÀÇ ÀüºÎ°¡ ºú, ȯ»ó,
»ç±â, ±×¸®°í ȯ°¢¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Â µí ÇÏ´Ù.
¡¡

¡¡
¿ø¹®±â»ç:
http://theburningplatform.com/blog/2010/10/06/consumer-deleveraging-commercial-real-estate-collapse/
¡¡

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