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Greenspan "shocked" at credit system
breakdown
±×¸°½ºÆÒÀÇ °í¹é - "±ÝÀ¶±¸Á¶ ºØ±«´Â
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2008.10.24
CNBC - Former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan told
Congress on Thursday he is "shocked" at the breakdown in U.S. credit
markets and said he was "partially" wrong to resist regulation of
some securities.
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Despite
concerns he had in 2005 that risks were being underestimated by
investors, "this crisis, however, has turned out to be much broader
than anything I could have imagined," Greenspan said in remarks
prepared for delivery to the House of Representatives Committee on
Oversight and Government Reform.
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"Those of us
who have looked to the self-interest of lending institutions to
protect shareholder's equity -- myself especially -- are in a state
of shocked disbelief," said Greenspan, who stepped down from the Fed
in 2006.
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With a general
election looming November 4, U.S. lawmakers were sharply divided
along political lines in either blaming regulators or bickering for
failure to prevent the crisis that has gripped financial markets
around the world.
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"The reasons
why we set up your agencies and gave you budget authority to hire
people is so you can see problems developing before they become a
crisis," Committee Chairman Henry Waxman, a California Democrat,
told a panel that included Securities and Exchange Commission
Chairman Christopher Cox and former U.S. Treasury Secretary John
Snow.
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"To say you
just didn't see it, that just doesn't satisfy me," Waxman said.
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Republicans,
for their part, singled out government sponsored mortgage finance
agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for their role in unsettling
financial markets and faulted Congress, which has been led by the
Democrats since 2006, for failing to pass measures to rein them in
sooner.
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They angrily
protested a decision not to hold a hearing on the mortgage finance
firms, which the government took over in September to restore
financial health, until two weeks after the election.
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"PARTIALLY"
WRONG "ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ʋ·È´Ù"
Greenspan
softened his longstanding opposition to many forms of financial
market regulation, acknowledging in an exchange with Waxman that he
was "partially" wrong in his belief that some trading instruments,
specifically credit default swaps, did not need oversight.
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Waxman cited a
series of public statements by Greenspan saying the market could
handle regulation of derivatives without government intervention.
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"My question is
simple: Were you wrong?" Waxman asked.
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Greenspan said
he was "partially" wrong in the case of credit default swaps,
complex trading instruments meant to act as insurance against
default for bond buyers.
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While Greenspan
was once hailed as one of the most accomplished central bankers in
U.S. history, the low interest rates during his final years at the
Fed have been blamed for fueling the housing bubble and eventual
crash that touched off the current financial crisis.
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His strong
advocacy for limited regulation of financial markets has also been
called into question as a result of the crisis.
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The former Fed
chair said that a securitization system that stimulated appetite for
loans made to borrowers with spotty credit histories, was at the
heart of the breakdown of credit markets.
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"Without the
excess demand from securitizers of subprime mortgage originations --
undeniably the original source of crisis -- would have been far
smaller and defaults, accordingly, far fewer," he said.
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A surge in
demand for U.S. subprime securities, supported by unrealistically
positive ratings by credit agencies, was the core of the problem, he
added.
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Greenspan
proposed that that securitizers be required to retain "a meaningful
part" of securities they issued. He said that regulatory reform will
be necessary in the areas of fraud, settlement, and securitization
to re-establish financial stability.
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He backed the
recently approved $700 billion bailout package, saying that without
it, banks and other financial institutions would likely face a
serious reduction in credit.
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"DOG AND PONY
SHOW" "¼Ä¿½º"
Lawmakers from
both parties also took advantage of the packed hearing room to take
some political potshots. Democrats assailed gaps in rules and
oversight while Republicans faulted Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for
exacerbating credit market strains.
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"For too long,
the prevailing attitude in Washington has been that the market
always knows best," said Committee Chairman Waxman, a Democrat.
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Republicans
circulated an October 20 letter asking for a government
investigation of alleged fraud and mismanagement at the mortgage
firms.
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"This is a nice
dog and pony show and maybe it's theater, but people want someone
held accountable, they want someone to go to jail," said Rep. John
Mica, a Florida Republican.
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ÀÇ¿øÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.
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But Greenspan
told lawmakers that regulators could not predict the future or make
perfect decisions.
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"It's a very
difficult problem with respect to supervision and regulation," he
said. "We cannot expect perfection in any area where forecasting is
required. We have to do our best but cannot expect infallibility or
omniscience," he added
"°¨µ¶°ú ±ÔÁ¦¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿î
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