HOME     |      ALL CONTENT LIST      |       VIDEO      |      SEMINAR      |        STUDY GROUP       |        BOOK CLUB       |       ABOUT US      |

¡¡

¡¡

¡¡

¡¡

Greenspan "shocked" at credit system breakdown

±×¸°½ºÆÒÀÇ °í¹é - "±ÝÀ¶±¸Á¶ ºØ±«´Â Ãæ°ÝÀ̾ú´Ù"

¡¡

¡¡

2008.10.24 CNBC - Former U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan told Congress on Thursday he is "shocked" at the breakdown in U.S. credit markets and said he was "partially" wrong to resist regulation of some securities.

±¹È¸Ã»¹®È¸ ¹ß¾ðÁß¿¡¼­ ±×¸°½ºÆÒ Àü FRB ÀÇÀåÀº À̹ø ±ÝÀ¶±¸Á¶ ºØ±«°¡ ±×¿¡°Õ "Ãæ°Ý"À̾úÀ¸¸ç ±ÝÀ¶°¨µ¶¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±ÔÁ¦Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ¹ÝÇ×Çß´ø ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ÀϺΠƲ·ÈÀ½À» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á (ºÎµ¿»ê ¹öºíÀ» ÃÊ·¡Çß´ø À庻ÀÎÀÌ ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀ̾ú´Ù´Â ºñ³­À» ÀϺΠ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÚ¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇß´Ù).

¡¡

Despite concerns he had in 2005 that risks were being underestimated by investors, "this crisis, however, has turned out to be much broader than anything I could have imagined," Greenspan said in remarks prepared for delivery to the House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.

¹Ì¸® ÁغñµÈ ¼º¸íÀ» ÅëÇØ ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ÅõÀÚ°¡µéÀÌ À§Çè¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÈÀÌÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù°í Áö³­ 2005³â¿¡ ¿ì·Á¸¦ Ç¥¸íÇѹٵµ ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ À̹ø »çÅ´ ±×ÀÇ »ó»óÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ³Ð°Ô ÆÛÁø °Í°°´Ù°í Çß´Ù°í ±¹È¸ °¨µ¶°ú °³ÇõÀ§¿øÈ¸ û¹®È¸¿¡¼­ ¹àÇû´Ù.

¡¡

"Those of us who have looked to the self-interest of lending institutions to protect shareholder's equity -- myself especially -- are in a state of shocked disbelief," said Greenspan, who stepped down from the Fed in 2006.

"³ª ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¼­ ÁÖÁÖµéÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» À§ÇØ ÀÏÇØ¿Ô´ø ´ëÃâ±â°üµé¿¡°Ô ±â´ë¸¦ °É¾ú´ø ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ï¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â Ãæ°Ý¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù"¶ó°í ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â Áö³­ 2006³â 2¿ù¿¡ FRBÀÇÀåÁ÷À» »çÀÓÇß´Ù.

¡¡

With a general election looming November 4, U.S. lawmakers were sharply divided along political lines in either blaming regulators or bickering for failure to prevent the crisis that has gripped financial markets around the world.

11¿ù4ÀÏ ´ë¼±À» ¾ÕµÎ°í ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øµéÀº ±ÝÀ¶»çÅ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °¨µ¶±â°üµéÀ» Å¿Çϰųª ¹æÁöÇϴµ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ´©±¸ Ã¥ÀÓÀ̳ĸ¦ ³õ°í °ø¹æÁßÀÌ´Ù.

¡¡

"The reasons why we set up your agencies and gave you budget authority to hire people is so you can see problems developing before they become a crisis," Committee Chairman Henry Waxman, a California Democrat, told a panel that included Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Christopher Cox and former U.S. Treasury Secretary John Snow.

À§¿øÀå, Ç ¿Î½º¸Ç ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÇ¿øÀº "¿ì¸®°¡ ¿¹»êÀ» Áָ鼭 ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁذÍÀº ±×·± ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ÀÎÀçµéÀ» µî¿ëÇ϶ó°í Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï³Ä" ¶ó°í Å©¸®½ºÅäÆÛ Ĭ½º Áõ±Ç°¨µ¶±¹Àå°ú Àü À繫Àå°ü Àò ½º³ë¿ì¸¦ ÇâÇØ ²Ù¢¾ú´Ù.

¡¡

"To say you just didn't see it, that just doesn't satisfy me," Waxman said.

"´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ±×Àú ±×°ÍÀ» ¸øºÃ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ª¸¦ ¸¸Á·½ÃŰÁö ¸øÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù" ¶ó°í ¿Î½º¸ÇÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡¡

¡¡

Republicans, for their part, singled out government sponsored mortgage finance agencies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for their role in unsettling financial markets and faulted Congress, which has been led by the Democrats since 2006, for failing to pass measures to rein them in sooner.

°øÈ­´çÃøÀº ±¹È¸ÀÇ »êÇÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Æä´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¿Í ÇÁ·¹µñ¸ÆÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ´Â 2006³âºÎÅÍ ´Ù¼ö´çÀ̾ú´ø ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÌ ¹æÁöÃ¥À» ³»¼¼¿ìÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» ³»¼¼¿ö ¹ÎÁÖ´ç¿¡°Ô Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Àü°¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

¡¡

They angrily protested a decision not to hold a hearing on the mortgage finance firms, which the government took over in September to restore financial health, until two weeks after the election.

±×µéÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÁÖÅñÝÀ¶±â°üµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã»¹®È¸¸¦ 9¿ù¿¡¼­ ´ë¼±ÀÌ ³¡³ª°í ³­ 2ÁÖÈÄ·Î ¹Ì·ç°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ç¶öÈ÷ ºñÆÇÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.

¡¡

"PARTIALLY" WRONG "ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ʋ·È´Ù"

Greenspan softened his longstanding opposition to many forms of financial market regulation, acknowledging in an exchange with Waxman that he was "partially" wrong in his belief that some trading instruments, specifically credit default swaps, did not need oversight.

±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ¿À·£µ¿¾È ¹Ý´ëÇØ¿Ô´ø ±ÝÀ¶±ÔÁ¦ Á¤Ã¥ öÇп¡ ´ëÇØ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ʋ·È´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Å©·¹µ÷ ½º¿Ò°ú °°Àº ¸ô±âÁö ÆÄ»ý»óǰ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨µ¶ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´ø °ÍÀ» °¡¸®ÄÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ À߸ø‰ç´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡¡

Waxman cited a series of public statements by Greenspan saying the market could handle regulation of derivatives without government intervention.

¿Î½º¸Ç À§¿øÀåÀº ½ÃÀåÀÌ ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·¯ÇÑ ÆÄ»ý»óǰµéÀ» ÀÚÀ²ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¿¹Àü¿¡ ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀÌ ´©Â÷ ÁÖÀåÇß´ø »ç½ÇµéÀ» ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.

¡¡

"My question is simple: Were you wrong?" Waxman asked.

"³» Áú¹®Àº °£´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀÌ Æ²·È½À´Ï±î?" ¶ó°í ¿Î½º¸ÇÀº ´Ù±¸ÃÆ´Ù.

¡¡

Greenspan said he was "partially" wrong in the case of credit default swaps, complex trading instruments meant to act as insurance against default for bond buyers.

"Å©·¹µ÷ ½º¿Ò°ú °°Àº ÆÄ»ý»óǰÀ» ³õ°í º¼¶§´Â ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ʋ·È¾ú´Ù´Â °É ÀÎÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô º¹ÀâÇÑ ÆÄ»ý»óǰµéÀÌ Ã¤¹«ºÒÀÌÇà ¸®½ºÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸Çè°ú °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢Çß½À´Ï´Ù" ¶ó°í ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ´äÇß´Ù.

¡¡

While Greenspan was once hailed as one of the most accomplished central bankers in U.S. history, the low interest rates during his final years at the Fed have been blamed for fueling the housing bubble and eventual crash that touched off the current financial crisis.

±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ¹Ì±¹¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Å« °øÇåÀ» Çß´ø FRBÀÇÀåÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ® ¿Ô¾úÀ¸³ª ÀÓ±â ÈĹݿ¡ µé¾î¿Í¼­ ÆîÃÆ´ø Àú±Ý¸®Á¤Ã¥ÀÌ ºÎµ¿»ê ¹öºíÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í °á±¹ ¹öºíÀÌ ÅÍÁö¸é¼­ ÇöÀçÀÇ ±ÝÀ¶»çŰ¡ ¾ß±â½ÃŲ À庻ÀÎÀ¸·Î ¸ô¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¡¡

His strong advocacy for limited regulation of financial markets has also been called into question as a result of the crisis.

¶ÇÇÑ À̹ø ±ÝÀ¶»çÅ´ ±×°¡ °­ÇÏ°Ô ¿ËÈ£ÇØ ¿Ô´ø ±ÝÀ¶±ÔÁ¦ Á¦ÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àǹ®À» Á¦±âÇÏ´Â °á°ú¸¦ ³º°í ÀÖ´Ù.

¡¡

The former Fed chair said that a securitization system that stimulated appetite for loans made to borrowers with spotty credit histories, was at the heart of the breakdown of credit markets.

±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ¸ô±âÁöÀÇ Áõ±ÇÈ­°¡ ÀºÇàµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½Å¿ë»óŰ¡ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô±îÁö ´ëÃâÀ» ÇØÁÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ±ØÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ ±ÝÀ¶½ÃÀå ºØ±«ÀÇ ÁÖ¿äÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡¡

"Without the excess demand from securitizers of subprime mortgage originations -- undeniably the original source of crisis -- would have been far smaller and defaults, accordingly, far fewer," he said.

"±ÝÀ¶»çÅÂÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÎ ¼­ºêÇÁ¶óÀÓ ¸ð±âÁöÀÇ Áõ±ÇÀüȯ±â°üµéÀÇ °úÀ×¼ö¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ¹®Á¦´Â ÇöÀúÈ÷ ÀÛ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù"¶ó°í ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡¡

A surge in demand for U.S. subprime securities, supported by unrealistically positive ratings by credit agencies, was the core of the problem, he added.

¶ÇÇÑ ½Å¿ëÆò°¡±â°üµéÀÇ ºñÇö½ÇÀûÀ¸·Î ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ̾ú´ø ¼­ºêÇÁ¶óÀÓ »óǰÀÇ ÅõÀÚÆòÁ¡µµ ÁÖ¿ä¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇß´Ù°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

¡¡

Greenspan proposed that that securitizers be required to retain "a meaningful part" of securities they issued. He said that regulatory reform will be necessary in the areas of fraud, settlement, and securitization to re-establish financial stability.

¸ô±âÁö Áõ±Ç ¾ð´õ·ÖÀÌÅ͵éÀº ±×µéÀÌ ¹ßÇàÇÑ Áõ±ÇµéÀ» ´ëºÎºÐ ¼ÒÀ¯Çϵµ·Ï ÇØ¾ßÇϸç Á¤Ã¥ÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ±× ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç±â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç, µî±âó¸®, ±×¸®°í ±ÝÀ¶ÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤À» µµ¸ðÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀçÁõ±ÇÈ­¸¦ °Ü³ÉÇÏ¿© °³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.

¡¡

He backed the recently approved $700 billion bailout package, saying that without it, banks and other financial institutions would likely face a serious reduction in credit.

±×´Â ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ½ÂÀÎµÈ 7õ¾ï´Þ·¯ ±¸Á¦¾ÈÀ» ÁöÁöÇϸ鼭 ±¸Á¦¾ÈÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é ÀºÇàµéÀ» ºñ·ÔÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ±ÝÀ¶±â°üµéÀÌ ½É°¢ÇÑ ½Å¿ë°¨¼Ò¿¡ ½Ã´Þ¸®°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í Çß´Ù.

¡¡

¡¡

"DOG AND PONY SHOW" "¼­Ä¿½º"

Lawmakers from both parties also took advantage of the packed hearing room to take some political potshots. Democrats assailed gaps in rules and oversight while Republicans faulted Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac for exacerbating credit market strains.

û¹®È¸¿¡ ³ª¿Â ¾ç´ç ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ȸÀåÀ» ²Ë ¸Å¿î ¹æÃ»°´µéÀ» ÇâÇØ Á¤Ä¡¼î¸¦ Çϱ⵵ Çß´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÇ¿øµéÀº °¨µ¶ÀÇ Çã¼úÇÔÀ» °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é¿¡ °øÈ­´çÀÇ¿øµéÀº ¹ÎÁÖ´çÀÌ Æä´Ï¸ÞÀÌ¿Í ÇÁ·¹µð¸ÆÀ» ½ÇÆÐ½ÃÄ×´Ù°í ºñ³­Çß´Ù.

¡¡

"For too long, the prevailing attitude in Washington has been that the market always knows best," said Committee Chairman Waxman, a Democrat.

³Ê¹«³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¿ö½ÌÅÏÀº ½ÃÀåÀÌ Á¦ÀÏ Àß ¾È´Ù´Â ŵµ¸¦ °íÁýÇØ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù" ¶ó°í ¹ÎÁÖ´ç ¿Î½º¸ÇÀ§¿øÀåÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡¡

Republicans circulated an October 20 letter asking for a government investigation of alleged fraud and mismanagement at the mortgage firms.

Áö³­ 10¿ù20ÀÏ, °øÈ­´çÀÇ¿øµéÀº ÁÖÅñÝÀ¶»çµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç±â¿Í ºÎ½Ç°æ¿µ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö»ç¿¡ µé¾î°¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¦¾È¼­¸¦ µ¹·È´Ù.

¡¡

"This is a nice dog and pony show and maybe it's theater, but people want someone held accountable, they want someone to go to jail," said Rep. John Mica, a Florida Republican.

"¿©±â°¡ ¹«½¼ ¼­Ä¿½º¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °Í °°Áö¸¸ ´©±º°¡´Â Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Á®¾ßÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´©±º°¡ °¨¹æ¿¡ °¡±â¸¦ ¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù." ¶ó°í Ç÷θ®´Ù °øÈ­´ç ÀÇ¿ø Àò ¸¶ÀÌÄ« ÀÇ¿øÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡¡

But Greenspan told lawmakers that regulators could not predict the future or make perfect decisions.

ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº "°¨µ¶°üµéÀº ¹Ì·¡¸¦ Á¡Ä¥ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ¸¸ç ¿Ïº®ÇÑ ÆÇ´ÜÀ» ³»¸± ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù"¶ó°í ÀÇ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.

¡¡

"It's a very difficult problem with respect to supervision and regulation," he said. "We cannot expect perfection in any area where forecasting is required. We have to do our best but cannot expect infallibility or omniscience," he added

"°¨µ¶°ú ±ÔÁ¦¿¡ ÀÖ¾î ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿î ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àü¸ÁÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ÀÏÀ» Çϴµ¥ À־ ¿Ïº®ÇÔÀ» ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö¸¸Àº ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇÒ »ÓÀÌÁö ¿Ïº®°ú ÀüÁöÀü´ÉÀ» ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ." ±×¸°½ºÆÒÀº µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.

¡¡

¡¡

¡¡

¡¡